Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Health 1 > Fluids And Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids And Electrolytes Flashcards

0
Q

What is the ability of all the salutes to cause an osmotic driving force that promotes water movement from one compartment to another?

A

Tonicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the movement of water caused by concentration gradient?

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The natural tendency of a substance to move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is used to filter fluid out of the intravascular compartment (high hydrostatic p) into the interstitial fluid (low hp)

A

Renal filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moves sodium from the cell into the ECF and potassium into the cell

A

Sodium-potassium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the purpose of kidneys?

A

Filter plasma, excrete urine, regulate ECF :

volume, osmolaity, electrolytes, ph, and waste through SELECTIVE RETENSION AND EXCRETION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fx of lungs?

A

Breathing removes fluids for acid base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What glands and their hormones, affect fluid electrolytes?

A

Pituitary- aldosterone
Adrenal- angiotensin
Parathyroid- renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is FVD? And what populations are at risk for it?

A 
When the loss of ECF volume exceeds fluid intake. 
Renal dysfunction 
Heart failure
Older adults-- thirst, fat,kidney weakness
Small children 
Dementia pt
Burns pt
N/d/v
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the best indicator for FVD?

A

Think assessment—> weight

Same t,clothes, and scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are symptoms of FVD? Think cardiac, integumentary.

A

Weight loss
Poor turgor
Tachycardia
Decreased bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How often donee provide oral care for pt that are NPO?

A

Every 2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some other symptoms for FVD? Think renal, neuro, psychosocial, cardio?

A

Decreased urine out put with high specific gravity, confusion and decreased in CNS activity, restless or anxious but fatigues easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would the pt have wrong if they had a high specific gravity, and altered creatiene and BUN?

A

FVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some interventions for FVD?

A

Oral fluid replacement
Safety education
Drug therapy to treat CAUSE of fluid deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some causes of FVD?

A

Diarrhea, diuretic, meds, inadequate fluid intake in comparison to output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some isotonic IV fluids?

A

Lacerated ringers and NS or normal saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some hypertonic solutions

A

D10W

3% 5% sodium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example of a hypo fluid?

A

1/2 NS

D5W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Isotonic FVD is treated with (blank) fluid

A

Isotonic- NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypertonic FVD is treated with (blank) fluid

A

Hypotonic- d5w in body, and 1/2ns or .45% sodium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypotonic solutions are treated with (blank) solutions

A

Hypertonic- 3% 5% NS and D5W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does it mean if there is edema around a IV site?

A

Not in vein… Remove immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What solutions burn going in?

A

K+ causes tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Heart failure and renal failure are notorious for what type of fluid volume (deficit or excess)?

A

Excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same proportion in which they normally exist in the ECF

A

Hyperbole is/ fve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are significant manifestations of hypervolemia? Think cardio, integumentary, respiratory, neuromuscular, gi?

A 
Bounding pulse
Increased bp and hr w/distended neck veins 
Weight gain***
Shallow/ slow respri, dyspraxia on excursion w/ crackles 
Pitting edema
Pale cool skin
All brain issues
Increased motility gi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What would labs look like for hypervolemia?

A

Lower hmG, low concentration of cells bc of extra fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Elevating feet, fluid/ sodium restrictions, and assessing for increased fluid overload are interventions for what fluid disorder?

A

Fve hypervolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What diuretic is nondiscriminatory?

A

Lasix or furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do you monitor a pt that is hypervolemia for?

A

Bp, hr, o2, electrolyte imbalance

31
Q

Skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction

Nerve impulse transmission maintaining ECF osmolarity and volume

A

Sodium fx

32
Q

Name foods high in sodium

A

Cheese, bp, repackaged foods

33
Q

What’s the normal level for sodium?

A

135-145 mEq/L

34
Q

Hypo or hyper natremia change in cell excitability result in slower membrane depolarization?

A

Hypo

35
Q

Causes of hypo at

A

Sweating, diuretics, wound drainage, renal disease, low salt intake, SIADH

36
Q

Hypo at causes cellular swelling or shrinking?

A

Swelling

37
Q

What are top assessments for hypo nat?

A

Confusion**
Bilateral muscle weakness
Diminished muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes
Increased gi motility and cramps

38
Q

List first line therapies for hypo natremia

A

Increase oral sodium intake
Restrict fluids so we don’t dilute an we have
IV isotonic fluid with hypertonic saline (2,3,5% NS with lactated ringers)
Osmotic diuretics!! Only takes h2o

39
Q

Cells swell or shrink with hyper natremia?

A

Dehydrate— shrink and are unable to respond to stimuli

40
Q

Increase oral intake of sodium, saline solution with sodium, NPO, increase H2o loss with n d v swat or fever, and renal diseases.

A

Hyper natremia

41
Q

Who is at risk for hyper natremia?

A

Elderly
Kidney disease
Diabetes insipidus*****

42
Q

Symptoms and assessment for hyper natremia?

Neuro, nervous sys, skeletal, cardio

A

Increase CNS and agitation
Prone to seizures and confusion
Spontaneous muscle spasms severe weakness and deep tendon reflexes
Decreased contractility and output

43
Q

Interventions for hyper natremia

A 
Admin hypotonic fluids (1/2 NS and d5w)
Loop diuretics ( lasix )
44
Q

What are some potassium rich foods?

A

Bananas, cantaloupe, potato, broccoli, avocado, salmon, veil, raisin, oranges

45
Q

What are the normal rates of K+?

A

3.5-5.0

46
Q

What organ and hormone excrete the majority of K+?

A

Kidney and aldosterone

47
Q

What electrolyte is in charge of marinating action potentials in excitable membranes, and regulation of protein synthesis and regulating glucose use and storage?

A

K+

48
Q

What are the two causes of hypokalemia?

A

Actual

Relative

49
Q

What does it mean when a cause is actual for hypokalemia?

A

Occurs with excessive k+ loss or inadequate k+ intake ( ie. diuretic, diarrhea, corticosteroids

50
Q

What does it mean when hypokalemia is caused by relative?

A

K+ moves from ECF to ICF which causes an abnormal distribution of K+ ( alkalosis, hyperinsulinism

51
Q

What’s the most common cause of hypokalemia?

A

Gi suction

52
Q

For hypokalemia, is nerve and muscle stimuli fast or slow?

A

Low

53
Q

First line assessment for hypokalemia is?

A

Respiratory—» ABCs airway, breath, and circulation

Shallow respri

54
Q

Assessment for hypokalemia would include what? ( respi, musculoskeletal, cardio**, neuro, gi)

A 
Shallow respri
Hyporeflexia---> flaxis
Slow hr, diff to palpate
St depression or inversion 
Ortho htn
Irritable and anxious 
Slowed gi, measure further bc paralytic ileus
55
Q

What fluid volume can cause paralytic ileus?

A

Hypokalemia

56
Q

List top interventions for hypokalemia

A

Oral k replacement

If severe then IV–hard on veins so monitor!

57
Q

When does a pt need to be moved to a tele unit?

A

When k fluids are greater than 10 mEq/ hr

58
Q

Does hyperkalemia increase or decrease cell excitability?

A

Increases

59
Q

What organ is susceptible to tissue damage when dealing with k+ levels?

A

Heart

60
Q

Causes of hyperkalemia include…

A

K deficits such as excess k intake or decreased k excretion
RENAL FAILURE** main cause
- others= blood transfusion, k sparing diuretic, Addison’s disease

61
Q

What would an EKG look like for hyperkalemia pts?

A

Tall tented t wave *****
A systole or cardiac death (too much stimuli can’t respond bc weak and flaccid paralysis)
Flat p-wave

62
Q

Spastic colon, diarrhea, and hyper excitable bowls are dt what electrolyte imbalance?

A

Hyperkalemia

63
Q

Labs for hyperkalemia would look like what?

A

Elevated hematocrite and hmG
Elevated k if dehydrated
If renal then BUN and creatiene

64
Q

How would a nurse treat a pt w/ hyperkalemia permanently?

A

Increase k excretion with loop diuretics like lasix or kayexalate

65
Q

What are temporary agents used to treat hyperkalemia?

A

Insulin
Albuterol
IV calcium glauconite

66
Q

Maintenance of bone strength and density, activation of enzymes or reactions, skeletal and cardiac muscle contractions, nerve impulse transmission, cofactor in blood clotting all fall under what electrolyte?

A

Calcium, think musculoskeletal

67
Q

Foods high in calcium?

A

Rhubarb ( vit d is needed to absorb the ca)

68
Q

Absorption of ca occurs where?

A

Gi tract

69
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia include what?

A

EVERYTHING GI as well as removal of parathyroid glands
Inadequate intake
Hyperphosphatemia

70
Q

What are some key assessements for hypocalcemia?

A

Trousseau’s and chvostek’s signed
Decreased hr
Muscle twitch and hyperactive dtr’s
Increased motility, depolarizers quickly

71
Q

Calcium glauconite and alumni numb hydroxide as well as vitamin d are all interventions to treat what electrolyte disorder?

A

Hypocalcemia

72
Q

Excitable become more or less sensitive to normal stimuli with hypercalcemia?

A

Less

73
Q

Too much calcium leads to heat issue for fluids and flow?

A

Excessive clotting

74
Q

Name some causes of hypercalcemia.

A

Thiazides diuretics, hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism

75
Q

What is the most important thing to assess with hypercalcemia?

A

Cardiac bc starts as increase bp and hr but ends with clotting and cardiac arrest
Monitor for DVT
Others include Hypo active gi
Renal stones!!

Adult Health 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions