Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fluids and Electrolytes > Fluids and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three fluid compartments

A

intracellular, interstitial, intravascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a hypotonic solution

A

lower solute concentration than another solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the fluid shift with a hypotonic solution

A

fluid shifts from ECF to ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a hypertonic solution

A

higher concentration than another solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where does the fluid shift with a hypertonic solution

A

fluid shifts from ICF to ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 ways cell maintain homeostasis

A

diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does diffusion work

A

SOLUTES move from higher concentration to lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does osmosis work

A

passive movement of a SOLVENT(FLUID) from an area of lower concentration to one of a higher concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does capillary filtration occur

A

blood pushes against capillaries into interstitial fluid by hydrostatic pressure; fluids and solutes forced through capillary wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does reabsorption work

A

prevents to much fluid from leaving capillaries regardless of hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what role does albumin play with reabsorption

A

albumin stays in capillaries and as albumin increases with fluid shift, fluid will move back into capillaries by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure

A

25 mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if hydrostatic pressure is greater than plasma colloid osmotic pressure what happens

A

water and solute leave capillaries and enter interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

normally capillary BP is ______ than plasma colloid pressure in arteriole

A

greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

normally capillary BP is ____ than venoule

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does active transport work

A

solutes move from lower concentration to higher concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does active transport require

A

energy and the sodium potassium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what 3 things maintain fluid balance

A

kidneys, hormones, thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do the kidneys maintain fluid balance

A

nephrons filters blood and forms urine and changes based on fluid balance/needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is stored and released in the posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH (vasopressin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does ADH work

A

its a water retainer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when is ADH released

A

with increased serum osmolality and decreased blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system work

A

juxtaglomerular cells release renin - renin releases angiotensin II, angiotensin causes peripheral vasoconstriction and stimulates production of aldosterone - raising blood pressure, and NA/H2O are retained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does active transport work

A

solutes move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration - requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does aldosterone regulate

A

reabsorption of sodium and water

26
Q

what triggers active transport

A

when blood volume drops, aldosterone signals active transport of sodium to increase BP

27
Q

what counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

atrial natriuertic peptide

28
Q

what does ANP do

A

reduces BP and intravascular blood volume, increases urine excretion of na/h2o, and causes vasodilation

29
Q

when is ANP released

A

when na/h2o are increased

30
Q

what are the major electrolytes of the ecf

A

sodium and chloride

31
Q

what does sodium concentration effect

A

serum osmolality and ECF fluid volume

32
Q

what does chloride help maintain

A

osmotic pressure (h2o pulling pressure)

33
Q

what other electrolytes are found in ECF

A

calcium/bicarb

34
Q

what are the most abundant electrolytes in ICF

A

potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium

35
Q

what is potassium responsible for

A

intracellular osmolality control

36
Q

what does magnesium aid in

A

protein synthesis and sodium/potassium ion transport

37
Q

what can a diuretic cause a loss of

A

electrolyte loss

38
Q

what can an IV fluid cause a gain of

A

electrolyte gain

39
Q

what is key in assessing a patients fluid status

A

BP measurement

40
Q

what does dehydration cause

A

a loss of body fluids that causes blood solute concentration to increase (increase osmolality) and serum sodium levels to rise

41
Q

what shifts out of cells during dehydration

A

water shifts out of cells into more concentrated blood

42
Q

how do the kidneys help with dehydration

A

retain water that usually helps restore body fluid volume

43
Q

what signs can you see for dehydration

A

decreased BP/urine output and increased HR

44
Q

treatment for dehydration includes

A

avoiding hypertonic solution, can give hypotonic, NS, or dextrose in water

45
Q

what can happen if u give hypotonic solution to rapidly for dehydration

A

cerebral edema so must be given over 48 hours

46
Q

what is lost in hypovolemia and where

A

isotonic fluid loss (loss of fluids and solutes) from ECF

47
Q

what is a third space fluid shift

A

when fluid moves out of intravascular space but not into intracellular space

48
Q

when can third spacing occur

A

when there is an increased permeability of capillary membrane or decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure

49
Q

what is seen with hypervolemia

A

excess of isotonic fluid in ECF

50
Q

where can the increase be seen

A

interstitial or intravascular compartments

51
Q

what makes up the ECF

A

interstitial (fluid surrounding cells) and intravascular compartments (plasma/liquid portion of blood)

52
Q

how can body compensate and restore fluid balance in hypervolemic state

A

fine tuning circulating levels of ADH, aldosterone, and ANP

53
Q

how does water intoxication occur

A

when excess fluid moves from ECF to ICF

54
Q

how does water intoxication occur

A

excessive low sodium fluid in ECF is hypotonic to cells and the cells are hypertonic to the fluid; bc of imbalance fluid shifts by osmosis into cells causing them to swell

55
Q

what does SIADH stand for

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

56
Q

what does SIADH do

A

ADH secretion can cause h2o intoxication by causing the body to hold onto electrolyte free h2o despite low plasma osmolality and high fluid volume

57
Q

what are the anions

A

bicarbonate, chloride, phsophorus

58
Q

what are the cations

A

calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium

59
Q

what are the extracellular electrolytes

A

sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate

60
Q

what are the intracellular electrolytes

A

potassium, phosphate, magnesium

Fluids and Electrolytes (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions