Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fluids and Electrolytes > Fluids and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three fluid compartments

A

intracellular, interstitial, intravascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a hypotonic solution

A

lower solute concentration than another solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the fluid shift with a hypotonic solution

A

fluid shifts from ECF to ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a hypertonic solution

A

higher concentration than another solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where does the fluid shift with a hypertonic solution

A

fluid shifts from ICF to ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 ways cell maintain homeostasis

A

diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does diffusion work

A

SOLUTES move from higher concentration to lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does osmosis work

A

passive movement of a SOLVENT(FLUID) from an area of lower concentration to one of a higher concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does capillary filtration occur

A

blood pushes against capillaries into interstitial fluid by hydrostatic pressure; fluids and solutes forced through capillary wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does reabsorption work

A

prevents to much fluid from leaving capillaries regardless of hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what role does albumin play with reabsorption

A

albumin stays in capillaries and as albumin increases with fluid shift, fluid will move back into capillaries by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure

A

25 mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if hydrostatic pressure is greater than plasma colloid osmotic pressure what happens

A

water and solute leave capillaries and enter interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

normally capillary BP is ______ than plasma colloid pressure in arteriole

A

greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

normally capillary BP is ____ than venoule

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does active transport work

A

solutes move from lower concentration to higher concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does active transport require

A

energy and the sodium potassium pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what 3 things maintain fluid balance

A

kidneys, hormones, thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do the kidneys maintain fluid balance

A

nephrons filters blood and forms urine and changes based on fluid balance/needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is stored and released in the posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH (vasopressin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does ADH work

A

its a water retainer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when is ADH released

A

with increased serum osmolality and decreased blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system work

A

juxtaglomerular cells release renin - renin releases angiotensin II, angiotensin causes peripheral vasoconstriction and stimulates production of aldosterone - raising blood pressure, and NA/H2O are retained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does active transport work

A

solutes move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration - requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does aldosterone regulate
reabsorption of sodium and water
26
what triggers active transport
when blood volume drops, aldosterone signals active transport of sodium to increase BP
27
what counteracts the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
atrial natriuertic peptide
28
what does ANP do
reduces BP and intravascular blood volume, increases urine excretion of na/h2o, and causes vasodilation
29
when is ANP released
when na/h2o are increased
30
what are the major electrolytes of the ecf
sodium and chloride
31
what does sodium concentration effect
serum osmolality and ECF fluid volume
32
what does chloride help maintain
osmotic pressure (h2o pulling pressure)
33
what other electrolytes are found in ECF
calcium/bicarb
34
what are the most abundant electrolytes in ICF
potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium
35
what is potassium responsible for
intracellular osmolality control
36
what does magnesium aid in
protein synthesis and sodium/potassium ion transport
37
what can a diuretic cause a loss of
electrolyte loss
38
what can an IV fluid cause a gain of
electrolyte gain
39
what is key in assessing a patients fluid status
BP measurement
40
what does dehydration cause
a loss of body fluids that causes blood solute concentration to increase (increase osmolality) and serum sodium levels to rise
41
what shifts out of cells during dehydration
water shifts out of cells into more concentrated blood
42
how do the kidneys help with dehydration
retain water that usually helps restore body fluid volume
43
what signs can you see for dehydration
decreased BP/urine output and increased HR
44
treatment for dehydration includes
avoiding hypertonic solution, can give hypotonic, NS, or dextrose in water
45
what can happen if u give hypotonic solution to rapidly for dehydration
cerebral edema so must be given over 48 hours
46
what is lost in hypovolemia and where
isotonic fluid loss (loss of fluids and solutes) from ECF
47
what is a third space fluid shift
when fluid moves out of intravascular space but not into intracellular space
48
when can third spacing occur
when there is an increased permeability of capillary membrane or decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
49
what is seen with hypervolemia
excess of isotonic fluid in ECF
50
where can the increase be seen
interstitial or intravascular compartments
51
what makes up the ECF
interstitial (fluid surrounding cells) and intravascular compartments (plasma/liquid portion of blood)
52
how can body compensate and restore fluid balance in hypervolemic state
fine tuning circulating levels of ADH, aldosterone, and ANP
53
how does water intoxication occur
when excess fluid moves from ECF to ICF
54
how does water intoxication occur
excessive low sodium fluid in ECF is hypotonic to cells and the cells are hypertonic to the fluid; bc of imbalance fluid shifts by osmosis into cells causing them to swell
55
what does SIADH stand for
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
56
what does SIADH do
ADH secretion can cause h2o intoxication by causing the body to hold onto electrolyte free h2o despite low plasma osmolality and high fluid volume
57
what are the anions
bicarbonate, chloride, phsophorus
58
what are the cations
calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium
59
what are the extracellular electrolytes
sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate
60
what are the intracellular electrolytes
potassium, phosphate, magnesium

Fluids and Electrolytes (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions