Fluid Replacement Therapy/Diuretics Flashcards
what are colloid types
plasma, serum protein, and albumin
when are colloids given
in an acute situation when patients have protein deficit
when are crystalloids given
hydration and replacement therapy
where do hypotonic crystalloids pull fluid
move from bloodstream into cells
where do hypertonic crystalloids pull fluid
move from ICF into bloodstream
where do colloids pull fluid
into bloodstream
what are colloids 3 uses
restores serum protein levels, restores albumin levels, expands intravascular volume
what do diuretics promote
na/h2o secretion via kidney
what are the classes of diuretics
thiazides, loop, potassium-sparing agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotics
what do thiazides spare when diuresing
calcium
what diuretic causes direct vasodilation
thiazides
thiazides are less potent than what diuretic
loop diuretic
common indication for thiazide
ascites
side effects of thiazide
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
what is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics
inhibits reabsorption of sodium on ascending loop of henle
what electrolytes do loop diuretics excrete
na, cl, h, ca, mg, hco3, p
what patient population most likely receives loop diuretics
respiratory patient population
loop diuretic side effects
hypotension, hypochloremic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypoglyceia
what does potassium sparing work on in the kidney
the tubule
what electrolytes do potassium sparing diuretics interfere with
na and cl reabsorption
what do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prevent
prevents water and co2 from turning into carbonic acid
bc carbonic anhydrase prevents carbonic acid from being produced what does that cause
it causes urine ph to increase and blood ph to decrease; and it causes na to be diuresed
what do carbonic anhydrase ultimately excrete
na, k, hco3 and water
what is carbonic anhydrase used for
treating glaucoma - not a primary diuretic
what is an example of carbonic anhydrase
diamox
diamox causes metabolic ____
acidosis so you give it for metabolic alkalosis
lasix causes metabolic ____
alkalosis so you give it for metabolic acidosis
what do osmotics do
slows water, na, and cl absorption so increases excretion
an example of osmotics are
glucose, mannitol, urea
