Fluid Replacement Therapy/Diuretics

Question 1

what are colloid types

Answer 1

plasma, serum protein, and albumin

Question 2

when are colloids given

Answer 2

in an acute situation when patients have protein deficit

Question 3

when are crystalloids given

Answer 3

hydration and replacement therapy

Question 4

where do hypotonic crystalloids pull fluid

Answer 4

move from bloodstream into cells

Question 5

where do hypertonic crystalloids pull fluid

Answer 5

move from ICF into bloodstream

Question 6

where do colloids pull fluid

Answer 6

into bloodstream

Question 7

what are colloids 3 uses

Answer 7

restores serum protein levels, restores albumin levels, expands intravascular volume

Question 8

what do diuretics promote

Answer 8

na/h2o secretion via kidney

Question 9

what are the classes of diuretics

Answer 9

thiazides, loop, potassium-sparing agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotics

Question 10

what do thiazides spare when diuresing

Answer 10

calcium

Question 11

what diuretic causes direct vasodilation

Answer 11

thiazides

Question 12

thiazides are less potent than what diuretic

Answer 12

loop diuretic

Question 13

common indication for thiazide

Answer 13

ascites

Question 14

side effects of thiazide

Answer 14

hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia

Question 15

what is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics

Answer 15

inhibits reabsorption of sodium on ascending loop of henle

Question 16

what electrolytes do loop diuretics excrete

Answer 16

na, cl, h, ca, mg, hco3, p

Question 17

what patient population most likely receives loop diuretics

Answer 17

respiratory patient population

Question 18

loop diuretic side effects

Answer 18

hypotension, hypochloremic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypoglyceia

Question 19

what does potassium sparing work on in the kidney

Answer 19

the tubule

Question 20

what electrolytes do potassium sparing diuretics interfere with

Answer 20

na and cl reabsorption

Question 21

what do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prevent

Answer 21

prevents water and co2 from turning into carbonic acid

Question 22

bc carbonic anhydrase prevents carbonic acid from being produced what does that cause

Answer 22

it causes urine ph to increase and blood ph to decrease; and it causes na to be diuresed

Question 23

what do carbonic anhydrase ultimately excrete

Answer 23

na, k, hco3 and water

Question 24

what is carbonic anhydrase used for

Answer 24

treating glaucoma - not a primary diuretic

Question 25

what is an example of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 25

diamox

Question 26

diamox causes metabolic ____

Answer 26

acidosis so you give it for metabolic alkalosis

Question 27

lasix causes metabolic ____

Answer 27

alkalosis so you give it for metabolic acidosis

Question 28

what do osmotics do

Answer 28

slows water, na, and cl absorption so increases excretion

Question 29

an example of osmotics are

Answer 29

glucose, mannitol, urea