Fluids

Question 1

Intracellar Fluid (ICF)

Extracellar Fluid (ECF)

Answer 1

Intracellar fluid

40% water

Extracellar fluid

20% water

Interstitial (15%)

Intervascular (5%)

Question 2

Electrolytes

Cations (+) vs Anions (-)

Answer 2

Cations

Sodium

Phosphate

Potassium

Anions

Bicarbonate

Chloride

Question 3

Fluid exchanges in

Answer 3

Capillary walls

Question 4

Crystalloids vs Colloids

Additives

Answer 4

Crystalloids (Diffusible)

Isotonic - 0.9% NaCl, LRS, Normosol, Plasmalyte

Hypotonic - 5% Dextrose, .25% NS, .45% NS

Hypertonic - 0.9% NaCl w. 5% Dextrose, 10% Dextrose w. H20, 3% NS

Colloids (non diffusible)

Natural - plasma, Albumin, Whole Blood

Synthetic - Dextran, Hydroxyethyl starch, Oxypolygelatin

Additives

Calcium

Vitamins

Potassium

50% dextrose

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 5

Isotonic

Hypotonic

Hypertonic

Answer 5

Isotonic

Equal particles inside and outside cell

Same osmotic pressure

Hypotonic

Less particles outside the cell

Low osmotic pressure

RBC Swells

Hypertonic

More particles outside the cell

High osmotic pressure

RBC shrinks

Question 6

Fluid routes

Answer 6

IP

• DO NOT use hypertonic solution
• DO NOT use in abdominal surgery
• Aseptic technique
• Possible sepsis

SQ

• ONLY Isotonic solution
• Possible infection

Oral

• DO NOT use if vomitting
• Less absorption
• Possible aspiration

IV

• Must be sterile
• can use various tonicity
• More accurate amount
• Possible overload
• vessel damage

Question 7

Fluid Calculation

Micro vs Macro Drip

Answer 7

Maintanence: 60mL/kg/day

Rehydration: Dehydration % X Weight (kg) = L

Convert into mL

Total daily fluids: Maint. + Rehydration

Fluid loss (Vomitting): Total daily fluids + loss (mL)

Microdrip: 60gtt/mL (pediatric and small animals)

Macrodrip: 15gtt/mL (Adults and large animals)

Question 8

Fluid Parts

Answer 8

Question 9

Goal of emergency

Answer 9

• Oxygenation of vital organs
• Promote gas exchange (respiratory system)
• Adequate perfusion of blood to organs and tissue (Cardiovascular system)

Obtain info client

Age, sex, weight, breed

Time of injury

Pre-existing illness and medications

Nature of injury

Condition of the animal

Question 10

Signs of dehydration

Signs of overhydration

Answer 10

Dehydration

• Slow CRP
• sunken eyes
• tenting of skin
• increase PCV
• decrease SV
• decrease BP
• Tacky mm

Overhydration

• increase cvp
• coughing
• pulmonary edema
• increase HR
• clear nasal discharge
• Restless