Fluids

Question 1

Urine loss per day?

Answer 1

0.5ml/kg.day.

Question 2

What is in saline?

Answer 2

Na 154
Cl 154 
K 0 
Ca 0 
Lactate 0

Question 3

What is in Hartmans

Answer 3

131 Na 
111 Cl 
K 5 
Ca 4
Lactate 29

Question 4

What is in dextrose

Answer 4

All 0s.

Question 5

What is colloid (gelofusion)

Answer 5

Na 154
Cl 154 
K 0 
Ca 0 
Lactate 0

Question 6

Insensible losses from breathing etc, how much?

Answer 6

About 500mls.

Question 7

Third space loss occurs due to what?

Answer 7

Due to inflammation, sepsis, pancreatitis, bowel surgery, trauma.

Question 8

How much water per day?

Answer 8

25-30ml/kg/day.

Question 9

How much potassium per day?

Answer 9

1mmol/kg/day

Approx 60mmol

Question 10

How much sodium per day?

Answer 10

1-2mmol/kg/day

Approx 80mmol.

Question 11

Side effect of saline?

Answer 11

Hypernatraemia.

Hyperchoraemia metabolic acidosis .

Question 12

Side of hartmann’s

Answer 12

Hyperkalaemia

Question 13

What is dextrose used for?

Answer 13

Maintenance.

Question 14

What is colloid used for and what is it?

Answer 14

Used for resus.

Risk of anaphylaxis.

Had large molecules in it that creates an oncotic pressure and attracts fluid from interstitial compartment into intravascular compartment.

Question 15

WHat fluids is considered the closest to plasma?

Answer 15

Hartmann’s

Be wary if you do not know the potassium though.

Question 16

What is an example of a maintenance fluid prescription.?

Answer 16

1 salty, 2 sweet.

1 Litre 5% dextrose + 40mmol KCl 10 hourly

1 Litre 5% dextrose 20mmol KCl 10 hourly

500ml 0.9% saline 4 hourly.

Question 17

Whaht is the cause of high sodium?

Answer 17

Conn’s syndrome, high sodium low potassium.

Overuse of saline.

Question 18

How do you manage hypernatraemia?

Answer 18

Slow correction with IV fluids, 6 hourly 5% insulin dextrose.

Question 19

Rapid correction of a hypernatramue can result in what?

Answer 19

Central pontine myelinosis.