Fluids Flashcards
Name 3 types of fluids
Crystalloids - small molecules which can cross
Colloids
Blood products
Name three types of crystalloid fluids
Normal saline
Hartmann’s
5 percent glucose
What are the two reasons we would prescribe fluids
Resus - e.g. burns, sepsis, D and V, haemorrhage
Maintenance - e.g. in bowel obstruction
Normal saline - another name
0.9 percent sodium chloride
Why do we prefer Hartmann’s over normal saline?
The electrolytes in Hartmann’s solution is closer to the body’s blood than normal saline
How much sodium and chloride are in normal saline?
154 mmol of sodium and chloride per litre
Colloids contain which two things
Gelatin
Albumin
To expand intravascular space
Why don’t we use colloids as much
Risk of anaphylaxis
Give two names of colloids and what is common to both
Isoplex
Volplex
Common to both: 4 percent gelatin, sodium and chloride
Comparing the colloids Isoplex and Volplex, which contains more electrolytes and which are these?
Isoplex contains potassium, magnesium and lactate
Name three types of blood products
Packed red cells
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma
What colour of cannula is needed in an emergency?
Grey large bore cannula if giving fast fluids
Typical resus fluids
Normal saline
What cannot be given too quickly?
Potassium must not be given too fast as can be harmful to the heart
What is the typical rate of potassium delivery?
10/mmol per hour but always give via a pump so the rate can be set accurately
