fluids 1 Flashcards
What is fluid therapy used for?
maintain + replace body water, maintain BP, diuresis
other: deliver drugs, electrolyte correction, blood or blood product transfusion
How does per os fluid admin work?
drinking, preferred, lrgest volumes, closest to nature,
limitations - works only if mild dehyd, conscious patient, no vomit(will make worse), no diarrhea (wont absorb
What are the pros/cons of IV fluids
fastest, lrgest vol, patient status no matter, only choice is severe dehyd, shock,
to deliver drugs, electro, nutr.
limitations: high cost, technical, hospitalized, venous access
What is the pros/cons of SQ fluids
under skin - common in sm anims like feel
Vol limited by skin physiology - feel less SQ more room, dogs for attach so less room
practical, fast, low cost
What is the maximum vol of SQ fluids for a cat per day?
100ml/day/cat
50ml twice or split into 2 sites once
Pros/cons of IO fluids
into medullary canal of long/lrg bone -ex tibial tuberosity, trochanteric fossa of the femur, wing of ilium, greater tubercle
common in exotics/neonates
aseptic technique bc osteomyelitis
treat similar as IV admin - vol, fluid type and rate, short term only
What is the adult maintenance vol? Pediatric?
Adult: 40-60 ml/kg/day
Ped: 80-120 ml/kg/day
What is the prescribe fluid rate?
fluid admin determined by DVM
Expressed as ml/kg/h in sm anim
Expressed as L/kg/h in Lg anim
what is the infusion rate?
rate at which fluids are administered. Determined from prescribed rate. ml/h in sm, L/h in lg
how rates are entered in the medical record
What is the drip rate?
rate of fluid admin expressed as drops/sec or drops/min when using drip-set
specific to drip set used, whole drops, not usually entered in med record
what is delivery rate
of calibrated drops of fluid that make up 1 ml of fluid
expressed as drops/ml, whole drops
What is infusion time?
total time over which fluids are admin
expressed in hrs
what is volume infused?
total volume of fluid admin or VTBI
mls or L
infusion rate x infusion time
What is the rough guideline for selecting which dripset to use?
macro if >10kg and/or >100ml/h
Micro drip if <10kg and or <100ml/h
What are the steps to IV fluid admin and set up
- weigh
- obtain prescribed rate _ infusion time/VTBI
- Calculate infusion rate (enter in medical record
- Select drip set
- calculate drip set
- assemble supplies - select proper fluid type/bag size
- prepare drip set
- attach extension set
- all clamps closed
- spike bag
- fill drip chamber
- prime line
- no air bubbles, close clamps
- iv cath patient and attach
- mark fluid start
