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Nursing Skills 2 > Fluids 1 > Flashcards

Fluids 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

__ % of total body weight is water

__ % is not water

___ % is water in blood
___ % is interstitial fluids

A

60%
35%

5%
15%

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2
Q

What are some reasons for fluid therapy

A 
Maintains body water 
Replaces body water
Maintains blood pressure
Diuresis
Drug administration
Parenteral nutrition 
Blood or blood product transfusions
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3
Q

What is parenteral

A

Any route other than orally

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4
Q

Describe “per os” fluid administration

A

By mouth (drinking)
Most natural
Largest volumes

Limitations:
Patient must be awake
Only Works with mild dehydration 
No vomiting (will make it worse)
No diarrhea (won’t absorb)
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5
Q

describe IV fluid administration

A

Intravenous
Fastest
Large volumes
Status does not matter

Only choice with severe dehydration/shock
Can be used to deliver drugs/electrolytes/nutrition

Limitations:
High cost, technical, hospitalization and requires venous access

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6
Q

Describe SQ fluid administration

A

Under the skin
Most common in SA (especially cats)
Practical, fast, low cost
Generally use 0.9% NaCl or LRS

Max volume is 100ml/cat/day

Volume is limited by skin physiology
Cats have less attachment so more room for fluids
Dogs have more attachment so less room for fluids

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7
Q

Describe OS fluid administration

A

Intraosseous :into the medullary canal of a long/large bone (tibial tuberosity, trochanteric fossa of the femur, wing of ilium, greater tubercle)

Common in exotics and neonates

Technical
High risk of osteomyelitis 
Short term
Large volumes
Same fluids and fluid rates as IV
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8
Q

What is maintenance volume

A

The amount of fluid intake required for basic functions in healthy animals

Varies with species, size, age, and health status

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9
Q

What is the adult maintenance volume

A

40-60 ml/kg/day

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10
Q

What is the paediatric maintenance volume

A

80-120 ml/kg/day

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11
Q

The rate/VTBI/hours of therapy of fluid delivery is determined by the

A

DVM

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12
Q

What is the RVTs role in fluid therapy

A

Convert order to ml/h then to drip rate and find start and stop times

Determine method

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13
Q

What is prescribed rate

A

Fluid administration rate ordered by DVM

mL/kg/day in SA
L/kg/day in LA

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14
Q

What is infusion rate

A

The rate at which fluids are given

Expressed in mL/h in SA
Expressed as L/h in LA

Determined by weight and prescribed rate

Must be recorded in medical record

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15
Q

What is drip rate

A

The rate of fluid administration expressed as drops/sec or drops/min when using a drip set

Specific to size of drip set used
Must be in whole drops

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16
Q

What is gutta (gt or gtt)

A

Latin for one dispensed drop

17
Q

What is delivery rate

A

The number of calibrated drops of fluid that make up one mL of fluid

Expressed as drops/mL

Must be in whole drops

18
Q

What is infusion time

A

Total time over which fluids are administered

Hours

19
Q

What is volume infused

A

Total volume of fluid administered

mls or Ls

Infusion rate x infusion time

Also called volume to be Infused (VTBI)

20
Q

What is a macro drip set

A

10/15/20 drops/ml

21
Q

What is a micro drip set (paediatric)

A

60 drops/ml

22
Q

True or false

Pediatric drip sets are based on age

A

False

They are based on size

23
Q

What are the rough guidelines for choosing micro or macro drip sets

A

Macro: >10 kg or >100 ml/h

Micro: <10 kg or <100 ml/h

24
Q

Steps to IV fluid administration

A 
Weight patient
Calculate infusion rate (ml/h)
Calculate drip rate -using drip set (drops/sec) 
Prepare drip set, spike bag, attach drip set, attach extension set
Hang IV bag
Fill drip chamber
Fill line with fluid 
Close clamps 
Check for bubbles 
Hang IV bag and line
Place IV catheter
Attach IV catheter to IV line -secure it
Mark fill line on bag
Set drip rate
25
Q

True or false

Flow rates changes with any change in vertical distance between the bag and patient

A

True

26
Q

If the IV bag becomes farther away from patient, increases distance, what happen to the flow rate

A

Increases

27
Q

Maximum flow rate is limited by

A

Size of infusion set

Gauge of catheter

28
Q

True or false

Heart failure and renal disease patients would require decreased fluids than patients with a fever or younger patients

A

True

Nursing Skills 2 (5 decks)

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