Fluid therapy for specific conditions Flashcards
What should all patients undergoing emergency surgery have placed?
An intravenous catheter
This is necessary for providing perianaesthetic fluids.
What is the recommended overall fluid rate for stable patients during anaesthesia?
< 10 mL/kg/h
Suggested starting rates are around 5 mL/kg/h in dogs and 3 mL/kg/h in cats.
How should fluid administration rates be adjusted for cats and patients with cardiovascular, pulmonary, or renal disease?
Administer fluids cautiously (lower rates)
This is crucial for patient safety.
What should be done if the anaesthesia lasts more than 1 hour?
Reduce the fluid administration rate by 25% each hour
This should continue until maintenance rates are reached.
True or False: Historically, a standard rate of 10 mL/kg/h for crystalloid fluid administration during anaesthesia was evidence-based.
False
Higher fluid rates may lead to worse outcomes.
What is the initial bolus volume of isotonic crystalloid recommended for hypotensive patients during anaesthesia?
3-10 mL/kg
This should be followed by checking anaesthetic depth.
What fluid is considered least likely to exacerbate cerebral oedema in traumatic brain injury patients?
0.9% saline
It contains the lowest amount of free water among isotonic crystalloids.
What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) for fluid resuscitation in traumatic brain injury patients?
100 mmHg
Aggressive fluid resuscitation is essential.
What agents are used for patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Mannitol or HTS
HTS is particularly effective in cases of systemic hypotension.
What is the treatment goal for patients with chronic hypoalbuminaemia?
Correct the underlying disease process
Raising COP artificially may pose more risks than benefits.
What is the common cause of hypernatraemia?
Increased loss of free water
Causes include water deprivation, vomiting, and polyuria.
What is the maximum safe rate of sodium correction in chronic hypernatraemia?
0.5 mEq/hour
In acute cases, it is 1 mEq/hour.
Fill in the blank: The formula for calculating free water deficit is: Free water deficit (L) = ([Current patient Na+])/[normal Na+] - 1) x (0.6 x _______.
BW in kg
This formula helps in managing sodium disorders.
What is the primary cause of hyponatraemia?
Retention of free water
This leads to neurological clinical signs.
What should be administered to treat hypochloraemia?
A fluid containing high levels of chloride (e.g., 0.9% NaCl)
This is necessary to resolve the alkalosis.
What is the recommended potassium supplementation dose in fluids?
0.1-0.5 mEq/kg/hour
Adjust based on serum potassium concentration.
What are the risks associated with concentrated solutions of potassium?
Serious adverse effects
These should be delivered via a central line.
