Fluid rates Flashcards
What is the formula to calculate the total fluid rate?
Total fluid rate = maintenance rate + calculated deficit + estimated ongoing losses
What are ‘maintenance’ rates in fluid therapy?
Maintenance rates are the rates of fluid loss in healthy animals, quantified as insensible losses
What is the empiric maintenance rate for dogs and cats?
2-4 mL/kg/h or 60 mL/kg/day
How can daily maintenance requirements be calculated for animals between 2-50 kg?
(Bodyweight (kg) x 30) + 70
How can daily maintenance requirements be calculated for animals <2 or >50 kg?
(Bodyweight (kg)0.75) x 70
Why do puppies and kittens have higher maintenance requirements than adults?
Higher body surface area to weight ratio, immature kidneys, and higher metabolic rate
What is the formula to calculate the fluid deficit?
Fluid deficit (mL) = percent dehydration x bodyweight (kg) x 1000
Over what time frame is the fluid deficit usually replaced?
6-24 hours
How should ongoing losses be monitored during hospitalization?
Fluid loss should be monitored and the fluid plan adjusted based on the patient’s progress
What is the total fluid rate for a dog weighing 10 kg with a 6% dehydration?
77 mL/h
How often should fluid ins and outs be matched in critical patients?
Every 2-4 hours
What calculation is used to determine fluid outs in mL/kg/h?
Total fluid losses during the time divided by patient body weight and the number of hours
What is the risk of not adjusting fluid rates in patients with post-obstructive diuresis?
Risk of falling behind on fluids and developing hypovolaemia
What is advisable when discontinuing intravenous fluid therapy?
Wean slowly over 12-24 hours
What can high rates of fluids cause if stopped abruptly?
Medullary solute washout and impaired urine concentrating ability
What is the preferred method of fluid administration in stable patients?
Enteral administration
What are the parenteral routes for fluid administration?
Intravenous, intraosseous, subcutaneous, and peritoneal
Why is the peritoneal route considered a last resort?
Risk of contamination and septic peritonitis
What is the maximum volume of isotonic fluids that can be given subcutaneously?
10-20 mL/kg
What are potential complications of subcutaneous fluid administration?
Infection and pressure-related skin necrosis
Fill in the blank: The daily maintenance requirement for a dog weighing 10 kg is _______ mL.
370
