Fluid Therapy Flashcards
In what age of equine can SQ fluids be administered?
Foals
Shock Dose for Horses
60-90ml/kg/hr
What is the standard catheter used in Equines?
14 gauge 5.25in catheter
What is the flow for 14 gauge catheter in equine?
13.1 L/hr
What is the flow for a 12 gauge catheter in equine?
26.9 L/hr
What is the flow for a 10 gauge catheter in equine?
36.5 L/hr
What is the set up of STAT IV sets?
Gravity flow
4 X 5L bags
Large bore coil system
8 feet from the base of the heart
Flow is determined by what in the free flow system?
Height of the horse
Size of all tubing in system
Length of system
Fluid viscosity
Catheter Complications
Thrombosis Septic Phlebitis Perivascular leakage cracking Abscessation neurologic dysfunction sloughing Breakage - loss in heart and lung
What can occur from bilateral thrombosis?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - edema and closure of the nasal passages
What is the local effect of Hypertonic Saline?
draws fluid from 3rd space and intracellular environment
What is the central effect of Hypertonic Saline?
Stimulates a CNS response favoring CV stability
What are the averse reactions of equines to Hypertonic saline?
Hemolysis
Cardiovascular alterations
What are the contraindications for Hypertonic saline?
Uncontrolled Hemorrhage
Severe Hypernatremia
Severe Hypokalemia
What is the most common acid base disturbance of horses?
Metabolic Acidosis
What is the most common acid base disturbance of Ruminants?
Metabolic Alkalosis
How do you treat acute Hyper/Hypo-natremia?
Rapid Re-establishment of normal range of sodium
How do you treat chronic Hyper/Hypo-natremia within the compensatory range?
Slow establishment of normal range of sodium
How do you treat chronic Hyper/Hypo-natremia outside the compensatory range?
Rapidly drop their level and then slowly bring them back to normal level
What causes Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter (SDF)?
underlying electrolyte acid/base disturbance
What is Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter (SDF) associated with?
Hypocalcemia Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis Hyperexcitabilty of phrenic nerve Contraction of the phrenic nerve with each atrial contraction
What are the clinical signs of Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter (SDF)?
“hiccups”
HR = RR, Unilateral or bilateral
Physiological saline (0.9% NaCl)
Used for Rapid ECF volume expansion
Hypertonic Saline (7.2% NaCl)
Quick IV volume expansion (resuscitation)
Rapidly draw water from ICF to ECF
Enhance Cardiac function
0.5% Dextrose (D5W)
Good source of free water
HES (Hetastarch)
Increase plasma oncotic pressure and vascular volume
What type of fluid is LRS (Lactate Ringers Solution)?
Replacement Crystalloid
Maintenance Crystalloid
50% Dextrose
Used in cattle or to supplement other fluids
What is the tonicity of 50% Dextrose?
VERY Hypertonic
What are examples of Colloids?
Hetastarch
Dextran
Plasma
Serum
What are some isotonic solutions?
LRS
0.9% NaCl
Normosol
D5W
What is an example of a Hypotonic solution?
0.45% NaCl
When would you use a Hypotonic solution?
In cases of Plasma Hyperosmolality
What do Replacement fluids such as LRS contain?
More sodium (Na) Less potassium (K)
What fluid would you use to treat Metabolic Alkalosis?
NaCl (Acidifying Solution)
What is the acid base disturbance seen in endurance horses?
Metabolic Alkalosis (due to sweat loss)
What is the acid base disturbance for an animal with High GIT disease (Choke, gastric impaction, high obstructions and duodenitis- proximal jejunitis (anterior enteritis)
Metabolic Alkalosis
What would you use to treat Metabolic Acidosis?
Lactate
What acid base disturbance is present in an animal with GIT disease (intestinal loss of bicarbonate and inadequate tissue perfusion) and shock states with underlying disease (GIT adults or septicemia in foals)?
Metabolic Acidosis
What fluid therapy should you use to treat metabolic acidosis?
LRS
Normosol
What fluid therapy would you choose for Septic Pleurits?
(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol
What fluid therapy would you choose for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a foal?
(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol
What fluid therapy would you choose for exertional rhabdomyolysis with sweating?
(Metabolic Alkalosis)
NaCl
Possible Ca supplementation
K supplementation if not eating
What fluid therapy would you choose for SI strangulating lesion?
(Metabolic Acidosis) LRS Normosol 0.9% NaCl D5W
What fluid therapy would you choose for Nephrosplenic entrapment?
(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol
What fluid therapy would you choose for Large Colon torsion?
(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol
What fluid therapy would you choose for Colitis?
(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol
Possible K supplementation if Diarrhea is present and not eating
What fluid therapy would you choose for Ruptured Bladder?
(Metabolic Alkalosis)
NaCl
What fluid therapy would you choose for Post exercise exhaustion syndrome?
(Metabolic Alkalosis)
NaCl
Ca supplementation
K supplementation - if not eating
What fluid therapy would you choose for a Filly with a cough and bilateral purulent nasal discharge that is alert, eating, defecating and urinating. HR = 68bpm and RR= 40/min. She has a dehydration of 5%?
LRS
What fluids would be indicated in “Choke” (esophageal obstruction) horse who has been losing saliva over the past few days?
NaCl
A horse presents with a strangulating lesion of the GI tract. He is significantly dehydrated and requires continued fluid therapy post op. What fluid therapy would be indicated?
LRS
0.9% NaCl
D5W
Ca supplementation
What does an acidosis cause a decrease in?
protein- bound Calcium
