Fluid Therapy Flashcards
What are the five big reasons you would want to give fluids?
Decreased intake- dz, lack of availability, can’t drink
Dehydration- sequestration in the GI or increase loss
Decreased circ vol- SHOCK
Need for over hydration - respiratory, renal, intestinal impact ion
Miscellaneous- improve perfusion, correct electrolyte
What is the best place to asses hydration status in an adult horse vs a foal?
Adult in the neck
Goal eyelids
What are a few of the parameters we need to be careful with when relying on PCV in the horse?
What is it good to use in conjunction with?
Splenocontraction can overestimate or can underestimate
***for each 2-3% increase in dehydration OVER 5% the PCV will increase 5%
Use with TOTAL PROTEIN - expect tp to increase in degree with dehydration >8g/DL when over 10% dehydrated
What is the number we want to keep albumin above?
Why?
Keep above 1.5g/DL
More specific than tp but can underestimate
REMEMBER ONLY REASON FOR INCREASE ALBUMIN IS DEHYDRATION
In a 5% dehydrated horse the skin tent would be _____ his mucous membranes would be moist to slightly tacky his CRT would be _____ and heart rate would be _____
Skin tent 1-3 sec normal crt and normal heart rate
In a horse that is 10-12% dehydrated what would you expect his mucous membranes to be?
Crt?
Heart rate?
Any other remarkable signs?
Dry mm Skin tent five or more Greater than 4 crt 60bpm or greater Sunken eyes
8% dehydrated horse has what skin tent and crt
Skin tent 3-5
Crt 2-3
40-60bpm Hr
In over hydration technique I would use preferentially what fluid route?
Oral
Also use this route in large intestine impacting
What is the max amount of fluid you can administer orally?
16L/hr
When would you NOT use oral route?
If there is reflux or ileus
What is the total body water?
Sixty percent (seventh to eighty for foals
How do you always want to place cathedars?
Always place with flow TOWARD the heart
What is your first choice if you had to do a limb cathedar
Cephalic
*** prob it easily clots
When can you use subcutaneous fluids?
In a foal but rarely used
Where is the intraperitoneal fluids going?
What’s the big disadvantage?
Dorsal aspect of the left flank (para lumbar fossa
BIG DISADVANTAGE is though your expect to get large volumes practically you can’t usually causes a space occupying lesion into the abdomen
When administering fluids rectally how do you want the horse standing?
What are two contraindications?
Horse standing on an incline with head and forelimbs lower than hind
Can’t use in severe lei or severe colitis (diarrhea is usually a major factor
When would you use intra-osseus fluids?
What is one of the major disadvantage?
Use when there is difficult venous access
-limited rate of administration by size of the needle 2-3L/hr
INTRACecal one major advantage and disadvantage
Large volumes directly into segment of intestinal tract with greatest absorption
But more invasive and strict meatenance of apsepsis
What is the most important factor in rapid flow rate?
Radius/diameter of the cathedar
How can you increase pressure differences?
Increasing the height fluid flows from increasing distance vertically from heart to bottom of fluid bag
14g length and L/hr
12g
10g
14- 5.25in 13.1L/hr
12- 26.9L/hr
10- 36.5L/hr
What is the typical stat IV set
8ft above a horse at 28L/hr Gravity flow capacity at 12 drops/ml
Long term catheters can stay in how long? What are the two types?
14days
Polyurethane or silicone
Short term catheters are made out of what and can stay in how long?
Teflon or polyurethane
72 hours
