Fluid Therapy

Question 1

Total body H₂O makes up what % of an animal’s BW?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

ICF makes up what % of Total Body H₂O?

Answer 2

66% of TBW

Question 3

ECF makes up what % of Total Body H₂O?

Answer 3

33% of TBW

Question 4

Which compartment in the ECF holds the most H₂O?

Answer 4

Interstitial → 50% of ECF fluid

Question 5

Blood Volume makes up wha % of Total Body H₂O?

Answer 5

8% TBW

Question 6

Hydrostatic Pressure pushes or pulls fluid?

Answer 6

Pushes!

Question 7

Oncotic Pressure pushes or pulls fluid?

Answer 7

Pulls!

Question 8

Colloid Onocotic Pressure pulls fluid into ________.

Answer 8

Capillaries

Question 9

Insterstial Oncotic Pressure pulls fluid _________?

Answer 9

out of the capillaries → interstitium

Question 10

Which Effective Osmols can move between the ECF & ICF?

(“Big 3”)

Answer 10

• Na⁺
• Cl^-
• HCO₃^- (bicarb)

Question 11

Which Effective Osmols are fixed inside the cell?

(3)

Answer 11

• K⁺
• PO₄^-
• Intracellular Proteins

Question 12

What does a RBC do in a HYPOtonic soln?

Answer 12

Swells→hemolysis

Question 13

What does an RBC do in a HYPERtonic soln?

Answer 13

Shrinks → crenation

Question 14

1 L of fluid is the equivalent of what weight?

Answer 14

1 L = 1 Kg

Question 15

4 Anatomical Classifications of Shock

Answer 15

Cardiogenic

Distributive

Hypovolemic

Obstructive

Question 16

Dr. Green’s Bicarb/CO₂ Rule to determine Compensation?

Answer 16

For every 1 point increase in Bicarb, CO₂ should increase by ~0.7 points

Question 17

In Acidosis, what electrolytes are cells losing (2) & gaining (1)?

Answer 17

• Losing → K⁺ & Mg²⁺
• Gaining → H⁺

Question 18

In Alkalosis, what electrolytes are cells losing (1) & gaining (2)

Answer 18

• Losing→ H⁺
• Gaining→ K⁺ & Mg²⁺

Question 19

What value indicates HYPOnatremia?

Answer 19

< 120 mEg/L

Question 20

What value indicates HYPERnatremia?

Answer 20

> 160 mEq/L

Question 21

What syndrome can be caused by HYPOnatremia?

Answer 21

Osmotic Demylination Syndrom

Question 22

What syndrome can be caused by HYPERnatremia?

Answer 22

Cerebral Edema

Question 23

Normal [K⁺] in the body?

Answer 23

150 mEq/L

Question 24

How many times does HYPERtonic Saline expand the intravascular space when given IV?

Answer 24

6x’s

Question 25

Which **Crystalloid** is **Acidifying**?

Answer 25

0.9% Saline (NaCl)

Question 26

Which **Crystalloids** are **Alkalinizing**?

Answer 26

* LRS * P-148 or Normosol-R

Question 27

Which Crystalloid has the most K⁺? How much?

Answer 27

P-148 or Normosol 5 mEq/L

Question 28

Which Crystalloid fluids contain 4 mEq/L of K⁺?

Answer 28

Ringers & LRS

Question 29

Which **Crystalloid fluids** contain **Ca²⁺**? How much Ca do they have?

Answer 29

* LRS → 3 mEq/L * Ringer's soln → 4.5 mEq/L

Question 30

Which 2 **Crystalloids** contain **Bicarb**? What is their Bicarb makeup?

Answer 30

* _LRS_ → Lactate * _Norm-R/P-148_ → Acetate & Gluconate

Question 31

Did Cat's "read the book" on shock? (Y/N) If no, what's different?

Answer 31

* No * Bradycardia * Hypothermia * Hypotenstion * Require re-warming before resuscitation

Question 32

**Dog** Shock Dose for Isotonic Crystalloids?

Answer 32

20-30 mL/Kg bolus → Reassess→ Repeat if needed ## Footnote (80-90 mL/kg TOTAL divided into 3 or 4 seperate boluses)

Question 33

**Dog** Shock Dose for Colloid?

Answer 33

5 mL/Kg bolus → reassess → repeat if needed (20 mL/Kg TOTAL divided into 4 boluses)

Question 34

**Cat** Shock Dose for Crystalloids?

Answer 34

10-16.6 mL/Kg bolus → reassess → repeat if needed ## Footnote (40-50 mL/Kg divided in 3 to 4 seperate boluses)

Question 35

**Cat** Shock Dose for Colloids?

Answer 35

2.5-5 mL/Kg bolus → reassess→ repeat if needed ## Footnote (10-15 mL/Kg divided into 3-4 seperate boluses)

Question 36

**Dog** Total Blood Volume?

Answer 36

8-9% BW (*Liters*) ## Footnote or 80-90 **mL**/Kg

Question 37

**Cat** Total Blood Volume?

Answer 37

5-6% BW *(Liters)* ## Footnote or 50-60 **mL**/Kg

Question 38

In **SA**, if there is no chart available, what should your **Maintenance Fluid Rate be**?

Answer 38

60 **mL**/Kg/**day**

Question 39

What is normal Urine production for an animal?

Answer 39

2 **mL**/Kg/**hr**

Question 40

Maximum **K⁺ **dose?

Answer 40

0.5 mEq/Kg/**hr**

Question 41

Ruminant Shock Dose?

Answer 41

90 **mL**/Kg/**hr** TOTAL (divide up & give as smaller boluses)

Question 42

Adult L.A. Maintenance Requirement?

Answer 42

50 **mL**/Kg/**day**

Question 43

Neonate Ruminant Maintenance Requirement?

Answer 43

80 **mL**/Kg/**day**

Question 44

How do you calculate Bicarb deficiet?

Answer 44

Bicarb (mmol) = BW_Kg x (30-TCO₂) x (0.3 _or_ 0.5 _or_ 0.6)_age

Question 45

What is the Bicarb Deficiet constant for **Neonates**?

Answer 45

0.6

Question 46

What is the Bicarb Deficiet constant for **Teenagers**?

Answer 46

0.5

Question 47

What is the Bicarb Deficiet constant for **Adults**?

Answer 47

0.3

Question 48

How do you calculate Na⁺ Replacement?

Answer 48

Na⁺(mmol) = (125 - measured Na⁺ (mmol/L)) x BW_Kg x 0.6

Question 49

How do you calculate fluid deficiet?

Answer 49

% Dehydration x BW_Kg = **L** of fluid lost

Question 50

How do you administer fluids to LA?

Answer 50

* Give ¼ deficit + (maintenance/**hr)** + (ongoing losses/**hr**) in the fist 1-2 hours * Give the remaining volume over the next 12-24 hrs.

Question 51

How do you administer **IV** Bicarb to Ruminants?

Answer 51

* Give ½ dose in first 30 min * Give remainder of dose over 12 hours

Question 52

What % of BW is H₂O in a **neonate** horse?

Answer 52

75-80% BW

Question 53

Horse is 6% dehydrated. Give the expected values for HR, CRT, & Creatinine.

Answer 53

6% dehydrated * **HR** → 40-60 BPM * **CRT** → 2 sec * **Creatinine** → 1.5-2.0 mg/dL

Question 54

Horse is 8% dehydrated. Give the expected values for HR, CRT & Creatinine

Answer 54

8% dehydrated * **HR** → 61-80 BPM * **CRT** → 3 secs * **Creatinine** → 2-3 mg/dL

Question 55

Horse is 10% dehydrated. Give expected values for HR, CRT & Creatinine.

Answer 55

10% dehydrated * **HR**→ 81-100 BPM * **CRT** → 4 secs * **Creatinine** → 3-4 mg/dL

Question 56

Horse is 12% dehydrated. Give the expected values for HR, CRT & Creatinine.

Answer 56

12% dehydrated * **HR** → \> 100 * **CRT** → \> 4 secs * **Creatinine** → \>4 mg/dL

Question 57

In a horse, how many L of Isotonic fluids must you add per 1 L of Hypertonic Saline (HSS)

Answer 57

1O:1 | (Liters)

Question 58

Horse Shock Dose?

Answer 58

50-80 mL/Kg ## Footnote or 8% BW_Kg

Question 59

What is the approximate volume needed to resuscitate a 500 Kg horse?

Answer 59

~ 40 L