Fluid Therapy Flashcards
Meaning of tonicity
Measure of effective osmotic pressure gradient
Meaning of hypotonic
Solution has a higher water potential than the cell - lysis
Meaning of hypertonic
Solution has lower water potential than the cell - shrinkage
What’s extracellular fluid made up of
Plasma volume and interstitial fluid
What’s metabolic water
Water that’s produced as a result of the oxidation of energy rich nutrients etc
Examples of sensible water loss
Urine
Poo
Sweat
Examples of insensible loss of water
Respiratory secretion
Diffusion through skin
Where is fluid lost from
ONLY extracellular fluid
Meaning of dehydration
Loss of tissue water - intracellular and extracellular
What are the types of dehydration
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
What’s isotonic fluid loss
Water and solute losses are equal e.g. sweating
What’s hypertonic fluid loss
Fluid is lost from ECF and has high conc of electrolyte
What’s hypotonic fluid loss
Water is lost from ECF, results in hypertonic dehydration
What are the types of fluids
Crystalloid solutions
Colloid solutions
What is crystalloid solutions
Water and electrolytes than can pass between the membrane of cells easily
What are the 3 types of crystalloid solutions
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
What is colloid solutions
Contains insoluble molecules that can’t pass between membrane e..g proteins
Why is colloid solutions less used
Possibility too much water will enter cell
What are the routes of administration of fluid
Intravenous
Oral
Intraosseous
Subcutaneous
What are the assessments of hydration
Dryness of mucous membrane
Skin turgor
Capillary refill time
PCV/TS
Retraction of globe (eyeball)
