Fluid/Solid Mechanics

Question 1

Difference between solid and fluid mechanics

Answer 1

Solid can sustain a shear force but a fluid at rest can’t

Question 2

Stress

Answer 2

Force/Area Pascals

Question 3

Strain

Answer 3

Change of length/Original length

Question 4

Elastic behavior

Answer 4

Commonly tested using a tensile system

Question 5

Young’s Module

Answer 5

Stress/Strain

Question 6

Viscoelastic

Answer 6

Material that has both elastic and viscous properties.

Question 7

Bone

Answer 7

Composed by mineral phase 60%, organic collagen 30%, and water 10%. Has elasticity and it is strong

Question 8

Blood

Answer 8

Not a pure fluid. Suspension of several different particles: cell, cell fragments, and macromolecules.

Question 9

Constituents of blood

Answer 9

Plasma, macromolecules, red/ white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 10

Plasma

Answer 10

Straw colored fluid, 90% molecules 1% water, electrolytes.

Question 11

Macromolecules

Answer 11

9% of plasma, majority are proteins such as globulins, albumin, fibrinogen. Others are vitamins, hormones, wastes, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.

Question 12

Red Cells (Erythrocyte)

Answer 12

Principle particle in the blood, no nucleus, biconcave shape, involve in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to tissues.

Question 13

hematocrit

Answer 13

Percent by volume of red cells

Question 14

White Cells (Leukocytes)

Answer 14

0.7% of blood volume. 4 types

Question 15

Neutrophils

Answer 15

ingest and digest bacteria

Question 16

Eosinophils

Answer 16

Carried by cardiovascular system to different tissues where they transform into cells called macrophages.

Question 17

Lymphocytes

Answer 17

Attack virus and bacteria

Question 18

Basophils

Answer 18

Response to allergic symptoms

Question 19

Platelets

Answer 19

0.3% volume of blood. exist in activated/inactivated forms, plate shape, involved in blood clotting, once activated becomes sticky.

Question 20

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 20

dependent on depth within the fluid. Arises because of gravity, the weight makes a force going down

Question 21

Viscosity

Answer 21

A measure of the resistance of a fluid to deformation under shear stress. Describes fluid’s internal resistance.

Question 22

Shear Rate

Answer 22

The rate of change of velocity at which one layer of fluid passes over an adjacent layer.

Question 23

Types of fluid

Answer 23

Newtonian, nonnewtonian.

Question 24

Newtonian fluids

Answer 24

shear stress increases linearly with shear rate. Viscosity is constant. EX. water/oil

Question 25

Non-Newtonian fluids

Answer 25

Stress must be exceeded before the fluid flows. Viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. EX: blood, mayonnaise.

Question 26

Reynolds number

Answer 26

Inertia force/ Viscous force. Laminar/ Turbulent flow