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JL Cardiovascular > Fluid shift across the Capillary Wall > Flashcards

Fluid shift across the Capillary Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What do precapillary sphincters in capillaries do?

A

Regulate flow in few tissues (e.g. mesentery)

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2
Q

What do capillaries unite to form?

A

Venules

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3
Q

What is the speed of blood flow through capillary beds?

A

Slow to allow time for exchange

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4
Q

In relation to transport across capillary walls, how do lipid-soluble substances pass through?

A

The endothelial cells

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5
Q

In relation to transport across capillary walls, how do small, water-soluble substances pass?

A

Through the pores

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6
Q

In relation to transport across capillary walls, how are exchangable proteins moved?

A

Across the endothelial cells by vesicular transport

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7
Q

What substances generally, cannot cross the capillary wall?

A

Plasma proteins

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8
Q

In relation to transport across the capillary wall, what does fluid movement follow?

A

Pressure gradient (bulk flow)

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9
Q

What is transcapillary flow passively driven by?

A

Pressure gradients across the capillary wall

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10
Q

What si ultra-filtration?

A

Transcapillary flow

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11
Q

What is exchange across the capillary wall of essentially protein free plasma?

A

Ultra-filtration

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12
Q

What is Net Filtration Pressure proportional to?

A

Forces favouring filtration - forces opposing filtration

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13
Q

What also affects net fluid filtration?

A

A filtration coefficient

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14
Q

What are forces called that are involved in transcapillary fluid flow?

A

Starling forces

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15
Q

Give two forces favouring filtration?

A
  1. Capillary hydrostatic pressure

2. Pi(i) - interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

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16
Q

Give two forces opposing filtration?

A
  1. Pi(c) - capillary osmotic pressure

2. Pe - interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

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17
Q

What is the equation for NFP?

A

NFP = (PC +Pi(i)) - (PiC + Pi)

18
Q

Give the value of Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) in arterioles and venules?

A

35 mmHg - arterioles

17 mmHg - venules

19
Q

Give the value of Intersitital fluid osmotic pressure Pi(i)?

A

1 mmHg

20
Q

Give the value for capillary osmotic pressure Pi(c)?

A

25 mmHg

21
Q

Give the value for interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi)

A

1 mmHg

22
Q

Give the equation for NFP arteriolar end ?

A

NFP arteriolar end = (35 + 1) - (25 + 1) = +10 mmHgq

23
Q

What is the equation for NFP venular end?

A

NFP venular end = (17 + 1) - (25 + 1) = -8 mmHg

24
Q

What do Starling forces favour?

A

Favour filtration at arteriolar end, reabsorption at venular end

25
Q

Name forces favouring filtration, in major forces involved in systemic transcapillary fluid flow?

A

Pc - Capillary hydrostatic pressure (35 mmHg arterioles, 17 mmHg veules)

26
Q

Name forces opposing filtration, in major forces involved in systemic transcapillary fluid flow?

A

Pi(c) - capillary osmotic pressure (25 mmHg)

27
Q

During a day what exceeds reabsoprtion by 2 - 4 litres?

A

Filtration

28
Q

What happens to hte excess fluid after a days filtration exceeding reabsorption?

A

Returned to the circulation via the lymphatics as lymph

29
Q

In the pulmonary capillaries, what is the osmotic pressure?

A

25 mmHg

30
Q

What increases the diffusion distance and compromises gas exchange?

A

Pulmonary oedema

31
Q

What are two factors making up raised capillary pressure, which is a cause of oedema?

A
  1. Arteriolar dilatation

2. Raised venous pressure

32
Q

What does left ventricular failrue cause?

A

Pulmonary oedema

33
Q

What does right ventricualr failure cause?

A

Peripheral oedena

34
Q

What way does heart failure shift the Frank-Starling curve?

A

To the right

35
Q

What is a cause of oedema, relating to plasma osmotic pressure?

A

Reduced plasma osmotoic poressure

36
Q

What is the value of normal plasma protein, and what is the value of occuring oedema?

A

65 - 80 g/l

37
Q

Give two factors of lymphatic insufficiency in causing oedema?

A
  1. Lymph node damage

2. Filariasis - elephantiasis

38
Q

Give two factors which could lead to changes in capillary permeability, causing oedema?

A

Inflammation

Histamine increases leakage of protein

39
Q

Where can pitting oedema occur?

A

Ankles and sacrum

40
Q

What regulate regional blood flow to the capillary bed?

A

Terminalo arterioles

JL Cardiovascular (18 decks)

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