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Fluid Mechanics > Fluid Properties > Flashcards

Fluid Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What’s a fluid?

A

A fluid is a substance in either the liquid or gas phase.

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2
Q

What’s a modeled continuum?

A

A substance that can be divided into infinitesimally small volumes, with properties that are continuous functions over the entire volume.

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3
Q

What’s the density?

A

It is the mass per unit volume of a fluid

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4
Q

What’s the specific volume?

A

It’s the volume occupied by a unit of mass.

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5
Q

What’s the specific weight?

A

It’s the weight of a substance per unit volume.

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6
Q

What’s specific gravity?

A

Its the dimensionless ratio of a fluid’s density to the density of water or specific weight of the fluid to the specific weight of water.

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7
Q

What’s absolute pressure?

A

The pressure measured with respect to a true zero pressure reference.

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8
Q

What’s gage pressure?

A

The pressure measured with respect to atmospheric pressure.

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9
Q

What is standard atmospheric pressure equal to?

A

Either 101.3 kPa or 29.9 inches of Mercury.

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10
Q

How are atmospheric and gage pressure related?

A

The absolute pressure is equal to the addition of the atmospheric pressure and gage pressure.

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11
Q

What are barometric pressures?

A

Barometric pressures are atmospheric pressures.

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12
Q

What is a vacuum pressure measurement?

A

It’s a negative gage pressure.

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13
Q

How are atmospheric and vacuum gage pressure related?

A

The absolute pressure is equal to the difference of the atmospheric pressure and vacuum gage pressure.

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14
Q

What is stress?

A

It is the force per unit area.

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15
Q

How many types of stress are exist and what are they?

A

Two. Normal stress and shear stress.

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16
Q

What is normal stress?

A

In normal stress the area is normal to the force.

17
Q

What is tangential or shear stress?

A

In shear stress the area is parallel to the force.

18
Q

How are Normal stress and pressure related?

A

The normal stress is equal to the pressure of the fluid.

19
Q

What is the viscosity of a fluid?

A

Is a measure of that fluid’s resistance to flow when acted upon by an external force.

20
Q

What is Newton’s Law of Viscosity?

A

Its the equation used to find the shear stress for Newtonian fluids.

21
Q

What are Newtonian fluids?

A

Strains are proportional to the applied shear stress. The stress versus strain curve is a straight line.

22
Q

What is the Power Law?

A

Its the equation used to find the shear stress for non Newtonian fluids.

23
Q

What are non Newtonian fluids?

A

Fluids that have viscosity that change with shear rate.

24
Q

How many Non Newtonian fluids exist and what are they?

A

There are two non Newtonian fluids and they are pseudo plastic fluids and dilatant fluids.

25
Q

What are pseudo plastic fluids?

A

Fluids that exhibit a decrease in viscosity the faster they are agitated.

26
Q

What are dilitant fluids?

A

Fluids that exhibit an increase in viscosity the faster they are agitated.

27
Q

What is kinematic viscosity?

A

Is the absolute viscosity divided by the mass density.

28
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The tensile force between two points a unit distance apart.

29
Q

What is capillary action?

A

The action caused surface tension between the liquid and a vertical solid surface.

30
Q

How many capillary actions are there and what are they?

A

There are 2 capillary actions and they are capillary rise and depression.

31
Q

What are adhesive forces?

A

Are the attractive forces between the liquid and solid surfaces.

32
Q

What are cohesive forces?

A

The attractive forces between the water molecules themselves.

33
Q

What is a meniscus?

A

The curved surface of the liquid caused by the adhesive or cohesive forces.

34
Q

What is a capillary rise?

A

When the adhesive forces dominate and the meniscus is above the general liquid surface level.

35
Q

What is a capillary depression?

A

When the cohesive forces dominate and the meniscus is below the general liquid surface level.

36
Q

What is the angle of contact?

A

Is an indicator of whether adhesive or cohesive forces dominate.

37
Q

When does the angle of contact indicate adhesive and cohesive dominance?

A

For contact angles less than 90 degrees adhesive forces dominate for angles greater than 90 degrees cohesive angles dominate.

38
Q

What does the capillary equation determine?

A

The capillary equation determines the height of the rise or depression.

39
Q

What does a positive or negative capillary equation result determine?

A

A positive determines a rise and negative a depression for the meniscus.

Fluid Mechanics (6 decks)

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