Fluid, Electrolytes & Acid-Base

Question 1

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 1

Holds onto fluid, promotes absorption of water

Question 2

Aldosterone

Answer 2

Promotes the reabsorption of water and sodium and the excretion of potassium

Question 3

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 3

Promotes the reabsorption of potassium and the excretion of sodium and water

Question 4

Filtration

Answer 4

Movement of fluid from capillary to interstitial space. Uses hydrostatic pressure (pushing).

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Movement of fluid from interstitial space into capillary. Uses osmotic pressure (pulling)

Question 6

Fluid Excess - Causes

Answer 6

Kidney failure
Liver failure
Heart failure
Increased sodium intake
IV fluids
Blood transfusions

Question 7

Fluid Excess - Manifestations

Answer 7

Dypsnea
Decreased lab values - hemodiluted
Increased urine output
HTN
Bounding pulse
JVD
Edema

Question 8

Edema - Causes

Answer 8

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (HTN)
Decreased capillary osmotic pressure (liver disease)
Increased capillary permeability (histamine)
Obstruction of the lymphatic circulation (cancer)

Question 9

Edema - Complications

Answer 9

Restriction in range of motion at joints
Pain
Decreased arterial circulation
Skin breakdown/damage