Cancer - Ch 20 Flashcards
1
Q
Benign Tumors
A
Differentiated Slow growing Encapsulated Rarely has systemic effects Life threatening only in certain locations i.e. brain
2
Q
malignant tumors
A
Different shapes and sizes Undifferentiated Fast growing No capsule Invades nearby tissue & metastasizes Systemic effects often present Life threatening
3
Q
Risk Factors for cancer
A
Environment-sun/uv rays Genetics-chromosomes with mutations Infections-HPV, Hep C Chemicals - asbestos, smoke Biologic factors-GERD, ulcerative colitis Age Diet Hormones
4
Q
Warning signs
A
Anything that is unusual, a change, unexplained or persistent or a solid, painless lump
5
Q
Manifestations of malignant tumors
A
Local - pain, obstruction, tissue necrosis/ulceration
Systemic - weight loss, cachexia (muscle wasting), anemia, severe fatigue, infections, bleeding, paraneoplastic syndrome
6
Q
Spread of malignant tumors
A
Invasion - adjacent tissues
Metastasis - spread to distant sites
Seeding - bodily fluids or membrane (a cancerous tumor needs to be removed intact otherwise seeding can occur)
7
Q
Diagnostic tests for cancer
A
CBC
Tumor markers - used for screening
Imaging - CT scans, PET scans, x-ray, MRI
Cytologic - biopsy (only dependable confirmation)
8
Q
Treatments for cancer
A
Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Gene therapy Stem cell transplant Drugs
