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Alterations in Adult Health 1 > Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Adult body weight is __% water

A

60

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2
Q

Older adult is ____ -____% water

A

45-55

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3
Q

Do women have a greater or smaller percentage of water?

A

Smaller due to fat

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4
Q

Infant body water

A

70-80%

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5
Q

Fluid compartments (body fluid breakdown

A

Intracellular - 70%

Extracellular - 30%

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6
Q

Extracellular fluid breakdown

A

Interstitial - 75%
Intravascular 25%
Transcellular fluids (CSF, intraocular fluid, GI tract secretions, pleural fluid)

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7
Q

Plasma is ____ % of body weight

A

5%

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8
Q

Why do you have more intracellular fluid as you get older?

A

Because you have more cells

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9
Q

Functions of body water

A 
Provides form 
Maintains heat balance
Transports food & electrolytes 
Allows electrolytes to ionize
Transports gases and wastes
Medium for chemical reactions 
Lubricant
Shock absorber
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10
Q

What is the best way to prevent post-op complications?

A

Early and frequent ambulation

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11
Q

What is the best way to assess fluid balance in an adult?

A child?

A

Daily weight

Specific gravity

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12
Q

Insensible fluid loss

A 
Cannot measure (skin, sweat, feces, lungs) 
*Person with increased temp and frequent respirations may be losing more fluid
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13
Q

Normal daily I&O

A

2000-2500 mL

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14
Q

Intake includes

A

Liquid
Food
Oxidation of food

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15
Q

Output includes

A

Lungs
Skin
Urine
Feces

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16
Q

Drinking allowance for end-stage renal failure

A

Amount of elimination (probably low) + 500mL insensible loss
(do not give to them all at once)

17
Q

1st spacing

A

Where fluid should be

18
Q

2nd spacing

A

Excess fluid where it should be (edema)

19
Q

3rd spacing

A

Fluid where it does not belong

pleural effusion, cardiac tamponnade/ effusion, ascites

20
Q

1L = __ kg

21
Q

Normal specific gravity

A

1.010-1.030

Distilled water-1

22
Q

Specific gravity of 1.4

A

Dehydrated

23
Q

Electrolyte: Regulation of water distribution

24
Q

Electrolyte: transmission of nerve impulses

A

Calcium, sodium and potassium

25
Q

Electrolyte: contraction of muscle

26
Q

Electrolyte: Generation of ATP

A

Phosphorus

27
Q

Electrolyte: clotting of blood

28
Q

Osmosis: Diabetes

A

High blood sugar causes fluid to come out of the cells –> Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia

29
Q

Colloidal osmotic pressure is the ______ of water

30
Q

Oncotic pressure is important at the ______ level

31
Q

Osmolality is used typically to…

A

Evaluate the concentration of plasma and urine

32
Q

Osmolarity is typically used…

A

In reference to fluids outside the body

33
Q

Contributors to osmolality

A

Na+
Glucose
Urea

34
Q

What organ maintains osmolality?

Alterations in Adult Health 1 (3 decks)

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