Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards
Fluid Volume Excess = ________
Too much _____ in the ___________
Hypervolemia
fluid, vascular space
Causes of FVE HF: heart is \_\_\_\_\_\_, CO is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ perfusion decreased, urinary output \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The volume stays in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ RF: kidneys aren't \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Three things with a lot of sodium:
weak, decreased, kidney, decreased
vascular space
working
1. effervescent meds 2. canned foods 3. IVF c Na
Hormones r/t FV ALDOSTERONE found in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ blood volume gets \_\_\_ so aldosterone secretion \_\_\_\_\_\_, retain \_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_, so blood volume goes \_\_\_ Too much aldosterone = Too little aldosterone =
ANP found in _______ of _______, released when atria ______
it is the ________ of aldosterone
ANP causes _____ of _____ & _____, which ________ blood volume
ADH found in _________
ADH makes you ________
retain _______
adrenal glands
low, increases, sodium & water, up
Cushing’s, hyperaldosterone (Conn’s)
Addision’s
atria, heart, stretch
opposite
excretion, sodium & water, decreases
pituitary
retain
water
Three Letters/Three Characters
ADH & H2O: ADH = think WATER
ADH Problems TOO MUCH ADH =\_\_\_\_\_\_ too many \_\_\_\_\_\_, too much \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ water = Fluid volume \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Urine \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Blood \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ UOP \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
TOO LITTLE ADH = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ DI = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ water = Fluid Volume \_\_\_\_\_\_ Urine \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Blood \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ UOP \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
SIADH letters, water retain = FVE concentrated dilute decreases
DI diuresis lose = FVD dilute concentrated increases
CONCENTRATED makes #’s go ______
DILUTE makes #’s go _______
Urine specific gravity, sodium, hematocrit
Drug utilized in DI
Desmopressin, DDAVP – ADH replacement for DI
________ ICP can lead to a ________ problem
increased, ADH
Fluid Volume Excess S/S
vessels are ______ = _______ veins
vessels _____ = ______ or third spacing
CVP goes ______: MORE _______ MORE ________
Lungs sound _______
________, kidneys are trying to _________
HR _________ –wants to push fluid ________
if fluid goes ______, leads to _____ & _____ edema
BP _______, MORE _____ MORE _______
weight _______ — NOT _____, BUT ________
full, distended leak, edema UP; volume, pressure wet POLYURIA, diurese increases, forward backward, HF & PULMONARY increases; volume, pressure increases; fat, fluid
Fluid Volume Excess Treatment
low _______ diet/restrict _______
I & O and daily _______
Diuretics
Protect the ______; ______ skin is about to ________
Bed rest induces ________ by releasing _____ and _______ ADH which will cause loss of ______ & _____
PUSH _____ for ______ unless contraindicated
Assess/Evaluate = ______ & _______
give IVF ______ to the very ______ & very _____ (& those with _____ & ______ problems)
sodium/fluids
weights
furosemide, bumex, hydrochlorthiazide, sprionolactone
skin; edematous, breakdown
diuresis, ANP, decreasing, sodium and water
fluids, bedrest
signs & symptoms
slowly, old, young, heart, kidney
Fluid Retention? Think _________ problems FIRST
heart
NORMAL CVP
2-6 mmHg/5-10 cmH2O
Fluid Volume Deficit = _________
POLYURIA, THINK _______ FIRST
hypovolemia
SHOCK
Fluid Volume Deficit Causes
loss of ______ from anywhere
_____ spacing (fluid is not in the ________, as in ascites or burns)
diseases with _______ (diabetes)
fluid
third, vascular space
polyuria
Fluid Volume Deficit S/S
weight _______
skin turgor _______
______ mucous membranes
________ urine output because kidneys are not being _______ or they’re holding on to ______
BP: ______ LESS ______, LESS ________
HR: _______ trying to pump the fluid left around
Pulse will be ______, _______
RR: _______ in an effort to improve ________
CVP: ________ LESS ______, LESS ________
Veins _________; cool extremities d/t _________
Urine Spec Grav: _________ d/t concentration
Orthostatic Hypotension: do not ________
decreases decreases dry decreased perfused, volume decreases, volume, pressure increases thready, weak increases, hypoxia decreases, volume, pressure constricted; vasoconstriction increases
delegate to UAP
Fluid Volume Deficit Treatment
prevent further ________
replace volume: mild _______; severe _______
safety precautions: high risk for _______
monitor for _________
losses
PO, IV
falls d/t mental status changes
overload
Isotonic Solutions AKA _______ solutions
Stay in _____________
use for client that has lost ______ through nausea, vomiting, burns, hemorrhage, sweating, trauma
________ is the basic solution for blood admin
Do NOT use _________ solutions in clients with _______, _______ disease or ________ disease as they cause _________, fluid volume ______ or hypernatremia
balanced
vascular space
fluid
NS
isotonic
hypertension, cardiac, renal
hypertension, excess
Isotonic Examples
NS, LR, D5W, D5 1/4 NS
Hypotonic Solutions
______ but do not cause _________
watch for cellular _______, which could lead to fluid volume ______ and ______ blood pressure
replenish, hypertension
edema
deficit, decreased
Hypotonic Examples
D2.5W, 1/2 NS, 0.33% NS
Hypertonic Solutions
_______ with ________
volume expanders that draw fluid into _________
_______ burns, edema, ascites, clients with _________
watch for fluid volume _______ with frequent ______
packed, particles
vascular space
severe, hyponatremia
excess, VS
Hypertonic Examples
D10W, 3% NS, 5% NS, D5LR, D5 1/2 NS, D5NS, TPN and Albumin
Two electrolytes act as sedatives: _____ & _____
HYPER = too ______ sedative
HYPO = not ______ sedative
Magnesium and Calcium
much
enough
Hypermagnesemia
caused by ________ failure, antacids
S/S include flushing, warmth d/t _________
Treatment: ventilator, dialysis, IV _________, ______ precautions
renal
vasodilation
Calcium gluconate, safety
