Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Major lung chemical
CO2 = acid (carbonic acid)
Kidney chemicals
bicarb & hydrogen
pH range
7.35-7.45
pH below 7.35
acidosis
pH above 7.45
alkalosis
this organ does not like it when pH is messed up
alkalosis
acidosis
BRAIN
hyper–seizure risk
sedate–coma risk
kidneys remove acid through
Bicarb?
urine
hold on and return to blood or excrete in urine
lungs get rid of CO2 by
hyperventilation
hypoventilation
exhaling
ELIMINATE CO2
RETAIN CO2
Respiratory Acidosis
Patho
Causes
S/S
Treat
lungs retain CO2 = hypoventilating
abdominal incision, sleeping pills/narcotics, lung problems
headache, confusion, sleepy, can lead to coma (THINK SEDATION)
HYPOXIA= GIVE O2
fix breathing problem
Increased CO2 =
Decreased LOC
Decreased O2
Restlessness, think what first?
HYPOXIA
Early signs of hypoxia
restlessness & tachycardia
Respiratory Alkalosis
Patho
Causes
S/S
Treat
losing CO2 = hyperventilating
hysterics, hyperventilation, aspirin od
lightheaded/faint, perioral numbness, numb/tingly fingers/toes
paper bag, maybe sedation, treat cause
Metabolic Acidosis
Patho
Causes
S/S
Treat
Reatain H or lose Bicarb RR will increase DKA, starvation, renal failure, diarrhea (severe) depend on cause, hyperK, increased RR treat the problem, IV sodium bicarb
Metabolic Alkalosis
Patho
Causes
S/S
Treat
Retaining too much bicarb and excreting H
vomiting, NG suction, too many antacids, too much IV bicarb
depend on cause, watch LOC, monitor for muscle cramps and life-threatening arrythmias
fix the problem, replace K
