Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing Fundamentals > Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards
1
Q

Normal urine output rate

A

1 ml/kg/hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a normal hourly urine output?

A

40-80 ml/hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is urine output during illness?

A

~ 0.5 ml/kg/hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intercellular Fluid

A

Fluid located within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

Fluid outside of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

Fluid within blood vessels and Lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Interstitial or extracellular Fluid

A

Fluid found between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is fluid balanced achieved?

A

Fluid and electrolytes flows between IVS, EXCS, ICS to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some things that can effect fluid and electrolyte balance?

A

Treatments or disorders can disrupt fluid/electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electrolytes

A

Electrically charged ions that become so by being broken down/dissolved in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two major electrolytes?

A

Na+ and K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Na+ normal range?

A

125-135 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List functions of Na+

A
  1. Control/regulate water balance
  2. Maintain acid:base balance
  3. Muscle contraction
  4. Transmit nerve impulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List risk factors that can lead to HYPOnatremia

A
  1. Decreased Na+ intake
  2. Increased fluid intake (oral or HYPOtonic solutions)
  3. SIADH
  4. HF
  5. Diarrhea/vomiting
  6. NG sxn
  7. Diuretics
  8. Impaired kidney fnxn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List risk factors leading to HYPERnatremia

A
  1. Increased Na+ intake
  2. Dehydration
  3. Sweating
  4. Diabetes Insipudus(dehydration occurs due to increased urine output = high sodium volume)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some SxS that HYPOnatremia and HYPERnatremia share?

A
  • Confusion
  • Irritable
  • Lethargic
  • Restless
  • Siezures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are SxS of HYPOnatremia?

A
  • Muscle cramps
  • weakness
  • USG < 1.010
  • Shared sxs = Lethargy, confusion, restless, irritable, and seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are SxS of HYPERnatremia?

A
  • Dry muc. membrane
  • Thirst
  • Increased body temp
  • USG> 1.015
  • Shared SxS: Lethargy, restless, confused, irritable, seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List nursing interventions for HYPOnatremia

A
  1. Remove cause whenever possible
  2. Restrict Oral/IV fluids
  3. Hypertonic soln. ( 3% NS)
  4. Increase sodium intake in diet
  5. Implement seizure precautions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List nursing interventions for HYPERnatremia

A
  1. Eliminate cause if possible
  2. Decrease sodium intake
  3. Hypotonic solution (0.45 NS or D5W) to decrease sodium levels
  4. Diuretics to excrete sodium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List functions of Chloride

A
  1. Maintain osmotic pressure

2. Maintain acid base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What increases Cl- levels? What decreases Cl- levels?

A

Increased levels: with poor kidney function

Decreased levels: excessive vomit/diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the normal range for Chloride?

A

95-105 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the normal range for K+?

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are functions of potassium?

A
  1. Maintain water balance
  2. Carbohydrate and protein metabolism
  3. Regulate acid:base balance
  4. Transmit nerve impulses to heart, skeletal muscle, intestinal muscle and lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are risk factors that contribute to HYPOkalemia?

A
  1. Decreased K+ intake
  2. K+ wasting Diuretics
  3. NG sxn
  4. Diarrhea/Vomitting
  5. Laxatives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some risk factors of HYPERkalemia?

A
  1. Increases K+ intake
  2. K+ sparing diuretics
  3. ACE inhibitors
  4. Decreased kidney function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What SxS do HYPERkalemia and HYPOkalemia have in common?

A
  1. Arrhythmias

2. Muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are SxS of HYPOkalemia?

A
  1. Muscle cramping
  2. FLAT T wave on EKG
  3. Decrease in peristalsis
  4. Shared SxS: Arrhythmias and muscle weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are SxS of HYPERkalemia?

A
  1. Tall/peaked T wave on EKG
  2. Paralysis
  3. Paresthesia of face, tongue, hands, and feet
  4. Shared SxS: Arrhythmias and muscle weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

List nursing interventions for HYPOkalemia

A
  1. Remove cause if possible
  2. K+ supplements: oral or IV
  3. Increase K+ in diet
  4. Assess renal function (BUN,Cre, and GFR) before administering
  5. Assess SxS digoxin toxicity
  6. Teach proper laxative or diuretic use
  7. Monitor cardiac rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

List nurse interventions for HYPERkalemia

A
  1. Monitor cardiac rhythm
  2. Restrict K+ intake in diet
  3. Discontinue K+ supplements
  4. Administer Kayexalate(treat high levels of K+)
  5. Administer K+ wasting diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the normal range for Calcium?

A

8.4-10.6 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are functions of calcium?

A
  1. Transmit nerve impulses
  2. Heart & muscle contractions/relaxation
  3. Blood clotting
  4. Formation of teeth and bones
35
Q

What are dietary sources of Calcium?

A
  • Milk and milk products
  • green leafy veggies
  • dried beans
  • dried peas
  • fish with bones
36
Q

What are dietary sources of K+?

A
  • fruits
  • veggies
  • whole grains
  • milk
  • meat
  • dried peas/beans
37
Q

What are dietary sources of Na+?

A
  • sodium preservatives
  • salt in processed foods
  • beef broth
  • tomato juice
38
Q

What are dietary sources of Magnesium?

A
  • leafy greens
  • nuts
  • seafood
  • whole grains
  • dry peas/beans
  • cocoa
39
Q

How is sodium gained and lost in the body?

A

Sodium is GAINED through diet and LOST through the GI tract, kidneys, and skin

40
Q

How is K+ gained and lost in the body?

A

GAINED by dietary sources and LOST by vomit, diarrhea, and kidneys

41
Q

How is Calcium gained and lost in body?

A

GAINED through dietary sources and LOST through feces/urine

42
Q

What are risk factors for HYPOcalcemia?

A
  • decreased calcium intake
  • vitamin D deficiency
  • malabsorption (A condition that prevents absorption of nutrients through the small intestine)
  • loop diuretics
43
Q

What are risk factors of HYPERcalcemia?

A
  • increased calcium intake
  • increased vitamin D intake
  • bone cancer
  • thiazides
  • prolonged immobilization
44
Q

What are SXS of HYPOcalcemia?

A
  • trousseau (contraction of face muscle when tapping facial nerve anterior of ear) and Chvostek (inversion of hand when inflating BP cuff for 3 mins)
  • numbness and tingling in fingers
  • spasm of laryngeal muscles
  • bone fractures
  • seizures
  • Shared SxS: Arrhythmias
45
Q

What is a shared SxS of HYPERcalcemia and HYPOcalcemia?

A

Arrhythmias

46
Q

What are SxS of HYPERcalcemia?

A
  • constipation
  • renal stones
  • muscle weakness
47
Q

What are nursing interventions for HYPOcalcemia?

A
  1. Remove cause when possible
  2. Increase Ca2+ and Vitamin D in diet
  3. Administer Ca2+ supplements (oral or IV) w/ OJ to increase absorption
  4. Monitor cardiac rhythm
  5. Monitor airway (laryngeal spasm possible)
  6. Seizure precautions
48
Q

What are nursing interventions for HYPERcalcemia?

A
  1. Restrict calcium intake in diet
  2. Increase fluid intake (will decrease Ca2+ levels and decrease chance of constipation and kidney stones)
  3. Hypotonic IV 0.45% NS to decrease Ca2+ levels
  4. Loop diuretics
  5. Increase physical activity to promote Ca2+ uptake into bones
49
Q

What is the normal range of Magnesium?

A

1.6-2.0 mEq/L

50
Q

What are some functions of Magnesium?

A
  1. Metabolize carbohydrates and proteins
  2. C.V function (vasodilation)
  3. Electrical activity in nervous tissue and muscle membranes
51
Q

What are risk factors for HYPOmagnesemia?

A
  • decreased mg2+ intake
  • malabsorption
  • Diarrhea/vomit
  • NG sxn
  • Thiazides
52
Q

What are SxS of HYPOmagnesemia?

A
  • tachycardia
  • HTN
  • mood swings
  • confusion
  • increased deep tendon reflexes
53
Q

What is a shared SXS of HYPOmagnesemia and HYPERmagnesemia?

A

Arrhythmias

54
Q

What are nursing interventions of HYPOmagnesemia?

A
  • Increase Mg2+ intake

- shared NI: monitor cardiac rhythm, BP/HR, and monitor DT reflexes

55
Q

What are some shared nursing interventions of HYPOmagnesemia and HYPOmagnesemia?

A
  • Monitor DT reflexes

- monitor cardiac rhythm, and BP/HR

56
Q

What are risk factors of HYPERmagnesemia?

A
  • increased Mg2+ intake

- decreased kidney fnxn

57
Q

What are some SXS of HYPERmagnesemia?

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Decreased RR
  • Decreased or absent DT reflexes
  • facial flushing
58
Q

What are some nursing interventions for HYPERmagnesemia?

A

-monitor airway (due to possible impaired breathing)

Shared SxS: monitor cardiac rhythm, HR/BP, and DT reflexes

59
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Also called “Fluid volume excess”; this happens when you consume high amounts of water and salt, causing fluid retention

60
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Also called “Fluid volume excess”— occurs from decreased fluid intake, which causes loss of body fluids.

61
Q

Sensible fluid loss and examples

A

Fluid that is lost that is measurable. Some examples include urine, NG suction drainage, vomit, diarrhea, wound drainage

62
Q

Insensible fluid loss

A

This is fluid loss that is not able to be measured. Some examples are fluid loss by exhalation or fluid loss from skin(sweating)

63
Q

What are dietary sources of Sodium?

A

Sodium preservatives
Tomato juice
Beef broth
Processed foods

64
Q

What are dietary sources of calcium?

A

Milk/milk products, leafy green veggies, fish w/bones, dried peas/beans

65
Q

What are dietary sources of Potassium?

A

Meat, dried peas/beans, milk, fruits, veggies, whole grains

66
Q

What are dietary sources of magnesium?

A

Nuts, seafood, leafy green veggies, whole grains, dried peas/beans, cocoa

67
Q

food sources of sodium

A

Sodium preservatives
Salt in processed foods
Beef broth
Tomato juice

68
Q

Food sources of potassium

A 
Fruits 
Veggies 
Whole grains
Milk 
Dried peas/beans
69
Q

Food sources of calcium

A

Milk or milk prods
Green leafy veggies
Dried beans/peas
Fish w/bones

70
Q

Food sources of magnesium

A 
Leafy greens 
Nuts 
Seafood 
Whole grains 
Dried peas/beans 
Cocoa
71
Q

Functions of phosphorus

A
  1. Acid base balance
  2. Nerve and muscle contraction
  3. Required for vitamin B + carbohydrate metabolism
72
Q

What is the relationship between phosphorus and calcium?

A

They are inversely related. If someone has hyperphosphatemia, then they will have low calcium levels.

73
Q

Risk factors of hypophosatemia

A
  1. Total parenteral nutrition

2. Decreased phosphorus intake

74
Q

Risk factors of hyperphosphatemia

A
  1. Decreased kidney function
  2. Increased milk intake
  3. Increased vitamin D
  4. Excessive fleets enema use
75
Q

List SxS of hypophosphetemia

A

Respiratory failure

Due to poor contractility of diaphragm and Arrhythmias

76
Q

Nursing interventions for hypophosphatemia

A
  1. Monitor heart rhythm
  2. Monitor respiratory suction
  3. Administer TPN (prevent referring syndrome)— ability for body to process food is compromised when someone goes into starvation; commonly caused by decrease in electrolytes such as phosphorus
  4. Administer phosphorus via IV
  5. Monitor calcium (sudden spike in phosphorus = HYPOcalcemia
77
Q

What is a shared SXS of hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphetemia?

A

Arrhythmias

78
Q

SxS of hyperphosphatemia

A

Few clinical signs but will reflect SXS HYPOcalcemia due to inverse relationship

  • Tross/chvst signs
  • numbness/tingling of fingers, toes,
  • spasm of laryngeal muscles
  • Arrhythmias
79
Q

Nursing interventions for hyperphosphatemia

A
  1. Decrease phosphorus intake
  2. Monitor muscle tetany
  3. Monitor airway (possible laryngeal spasm)
  4. Teach proper laxative use (laxatives may contain phosphorus)
80
Q

What vitamin helps absorb calcium in body

A

Vitamin D helps body absorb calcium

81
Q

Nursing interventions for cognitive impairment

A

Speak calm, slow, clear
Face to face
Emphasize strengths

82
Q

Nursing interventions for unconscious patients

A

Notify before touching

Talk in normal tone

83
Q

Nurse interventions for language barriers

A

Interpret telephone
Family for non medical translation
In person interpreter

84
Q

Does HYPOkalemia increase or decrease chance of dig toxicity

A

It increases risk of Dig toxicity bc drug needs K+ to bind to Dig receptors (not able to bind so levels in blood are toxic)

Nursing Fundamentals (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions