Fluid & Electrolyte Balance - WAE Flashcards
What is the Total Body Water % for males and females?
Males = 60& Body weight Females = 50% Body weight
Where is most of the TBW located: intracellularly or extracellularly?
Intracellularly = 2/3 TBW Extracellularly = 1/3 TBW
True or False: Total water content is directly related to fat content?
True
What is tonicity?
measure of the osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane
Where is most of potassium excreted from the body?
85% of potassium excreted in urine.
15% excreted in stool.
What are the primary cations and anions in the ECF?
Sodium primary cation.
Chloride & bicarbonate primary anions.
What are the primary cations and anions in the ICF?
Potassium primary cation.
Phosphates & anionic proteins primary anions.
1 liter of fluid equals how many kilograms of body weight?
1 Liter = 1 kg body weight
What is the diagnostic value for hyponatremia?
a serum Na+ < 135
What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?
- anorexia
- nausea
- malaise
- HA, lethargy , agitation
What causes hypertonic hyponatremia?
↑ solutes in plasma such as glucose or mannitol redistribute volume from intracellular space to extracellular space causing hyponatremia
What causes hypotonic hyponatremia?
- ↑ in total body water (excessive water intake)
- ↓ in total body solute & h20
- ↑ in total body solute & h20
What is central pontine myelinolysis?
-occurs 2-6 days after over correction with hypertonic saline
-irreversible neuro deficit
S/S: dysarthria, dysphagia, incoordination, quadriplegia, coma
What is the diagnostic value for hypernatremia?
Na+ > 145 MEQ/L
What are causes of hypernatremia?
1) Hypodipsia
2) Solute gain (rare → hypertonic saline infusion)
What would be the procedure to replace volume depletion in a patient?
1) Use NSS to stabilize BP
2) Replace remaining deficits with 1/2 NSS
3) After BP stabilized → replace free H20 deficits
What is the formula used to estimate volume deficit in a patient?
(0.6 x weight {kg}) x (Na - 140) / 140
Replace half in 24 hours in patients with chronic losses
What are the S/S of hypokalemia?
- muscle weakness, cramps
- N/V
- arrhythmias
- Polyuria/Polydipsia
- EKG changes (Flat “T” waves & “U” waves)
What are the S/S of hyperkalemia?
- Weakness, flaccid paralysis
- Hyperactive DTR’s
- Peaked “T” waves, widened QRS complex
In fluid replacement therapy, what is the indication for NSS/RL?
used for volume expansion/hypotension due to volume loss
In fluid replacement therapy, what is the indication for D5 1/2 NS?
Maintenance fluid
In fluid replacement therapy, what is the indication for 3% NS?
Severe hypotonic hyponatremia
In fluid replacement therapy, what is the indication for D5 1/4 D5W?
excessive sodium problems
