Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances Flashcards
Antidiuretic Hormone
Controls output through urine (Fluid retention)
Increases reabsorption of water from kidney tubules into blood
Aldosterone
Increases reabsorption of sodium (and water)
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Reduces reabsorption of sodium (and water)
Promotes sodium/water loss
Reduces BP
Hydrostatic Pressure
Filtration
Fluid move through a filter from higher to lower pressure
Osmotic Pressure
Osmosis
Movement of water from low solute to high solute concentration
Edema Causes
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Loss of plasma proteins (albumin)
Obstruction of lymphatic circulation
Increased capillary permeability
Sodium
Primary cation in extracellular fluid
Potassium
Primary cation in intracellular fluid
Hyponatremia Causes
Excessive sweating/vomiting/diarrhea
Insufficient aldosterone
Excessive ADH
Excessive water intake
Hyponatremia Symptoms
Impaired nerve conduction
Decreased BP (hypovolemia) from fluid shifting into cells
Hypernatremia Causes
Insufficient ADH - results in dilute urine
Loss of thirst mechanism
Hypernatremia Symptoms
Fluid shit out of cells Edema Weakness Agitation *Increased BP*
Hypokalemia Causes
Excessive losses due to diarrhea
Excessive aldosterone/glucocorticoids
Alkalosis
Hypokalemia Symptoms
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Interference with neuromuscular function
Hyperkalemia Causes
Deficit of aldosterone
Acidosis
