Blood Disorders Flashcards
Hemopoiesis
Production of RBCs
Erythropoietin
Made by kidneys
Regulate RBC production
Thrombopoietin
Made by the liver
Stimulates production of platelets
Plasmin
Breaks down blood clots
Epoetin Alfa
Artifical form of erythropoietin
Anemia
Reduction in oxygen transport
Less energy production in all cells
Anemia Symptoms
Fatigue Pallor Dyspnea Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Peripheral vasoconstriction
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
Pernicious Anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Characterized by very large immature RBCs
Will have less hemoglobin and shorter lifespans
Aplastic Anemia
Impairment or failure of bone marrow (drugs, viruses, autoimmune disorders)
Indicated by pancytopenia (decrease in all cells)
Hemolytic Anemia
Results from excessive destruction of RBCs
Sickle Cell Anemia
Abnormal hemoglobin
When deoxygenated, HbS is unstable and crystallizes
Thalassemia
Blood disorder involving less than normal amounts of hemoglobin
Polycythemia
Disease state in which proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells increases
Polycythemia Symptoms
Increased blood volume and viscosity can causes thrombosis and infarctions
Increased blood pressure
Hypertrophied heart
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Excessive clotting and excessive bleeding in circulation
Thrombi and infarcts occur
Leukemia
Group of neoplastic disorders involving WBCs
Uncontrollable production in bone marrow or lymph nodes
Leukemia Symptoms
Frequent infection
Severe and steady bone pain
Weight loss and fatigue
Acute Leukemia
High proportion of immature, nonfunctional cells (marked signs and complications)
Chronic Leukemia
Higher proportion of mature cells (mild signs and better prognosis)
