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Zach's TCC Anatomy Test 3 > Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

How much of our water is ICF (intracellular fluid) & how much is IF (interstitial fluid)?

A

ICF - 2/3

IF - 1/3

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2
Q

Where is ICF (intracellular fluid) located?

A

inside the cells

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3
Q

Where is IF (interstitial fluid) located?

A

outside the cell (main component of ECF)

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4
Q

Where is IF (interstitial fluid) located?

A

outside the cell

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5
Q

Who has the most water content?

A

babies

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6
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

substance that dissolves in water and dissociate into ions

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7
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

substance that dissolves in water and dissociate into ions

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8
Q

What are 3 major intracellular ions?

A

potassium, hydrogen phosphate, & protein anions

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9
Q

What are 3 major interstitial ions? (Also found in blood plasma)

A

Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate ion

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10
Q

Water intake must equal water output; what is the average intake and output?

A

both are 2500 mL per day

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11
Q

What is the driving force for water intake?

A

the thirst mechanism

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12
Q

Where is the thirst center located? What is it sensitive to?

A

the hypothalamus; osmoreceptors

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13
Q

Where is the thirst center located? What is it sensitive to?

A

the hypothalamus; osmoreceptors

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14
Q

What is hypotonic hydration? What happens?

A

water intoxication; ECF becomes dilute (hypotonic) and causes cells to swell due

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15
Q

What causes edema (swelling)?

A

excess fluid in interstitial space; caused by hindered outflow of capillaries

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16
Q

What are the major cations in ECF? (2)

A

sodium & calcium

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17
Q

High sodium is called? Low Sodium?

A

hypernatremia; hyponatremia

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18
Q

Aldosterone is secreted by by what gland in response to low sodium?

A

adrenal gland

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19
Q

What is the most important trigger for aldosterone release?

A

the renin-angiotensin mechanism

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20
Q

When is ANP released? What does ANP do?

A

when BP is too high; lowers BP by inhibiting sodium thus inhibiting water reabsorption

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21
Q

Estrogen & Glucocorticoids do what to sodium?

A

increase reabsorption (and BP)

22
Q

Baroreceptors motion BP where?

A

aorta & carotid arteries

23
Q

The cardiovascular center effects what to change BP?

A

afferent arterioles

  • vasodilation increases urinary output, decreasing BP
  • vasocontriction decreases urinary output, increasing BP
24
Q

What is the major cation in ICF?

A

potassium

25
Q

High potassium is called? Low potassium?

A

hyperkalamia; hypokalamia

26
Q

Where is the regulatory site for potassium?

A

the collecting duct

27
Q

What is calcium needed for? (3)

A

conduction of nerves, contraction of muscle, blood clotting

28
Q

What is calcium’s function? (3)

A

conduction of nerves, contraction of muscle, blood clotting

29
Q

What are potassium and sodium’s function?

A

to maintain resting membrane potential in neruons and muscles

30
Q

High potassium is called? Low potassium?

A

hyperkalamia; hypokalamia

31
Q

What are potassium and sodium’s function?

A

to maintain resting membrane potential in neruons and muscles

32
Q

High calcium is called? Low calcium?

A

hypercalcima; hypocalcima

33
Q

When blood calcium levels are low, what hormone is secreted?

A

parathyroid hormone

34
Q

What is ideal pH of blood? What are outer limits?

A

pH of 7.4; ranges between pH of 6.8-7.8

35
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

reducing hydrogen ion concentration (HIGHER pH)

36
Q

What is acidosis?

A

increasing hydrogen ion concentration (LOWER pH)

37
Q

What 3 systems control pH? How long does it take for each to kick in?

A
  • chemical buffer system - instantly
  • respiratory center in the brain - 1-2 minutes
  • renal mechanisms - long time
38
Q

Which of the 3 pH control systems is the strongest?

A

renal mechanisms

39
Q

What do chemical buffers do?

A

resist change in pH

40
Q

What is an acid?

A

gives off hydrogen ions

41
Q

What is a base?

A

takes on hydrogen ions

42
Q

The bicarbonate buffer system is important in what fluid?

A

ECF

43
Q

The phosphate buffer system is important in what fluid?

A

ICF

44
Q

The phosphate buffer system is important in what fluid?

A

ICF

45
Q

What are the acid and base involved with the bicarbonate buffer system?

A

acid: carbonic acid
base: sodium bicarbonate

46
Q

What are the acid and base involved with the phosphate buffer system?

A

acid: sodium dihydrogen phosphate
base: sodium monohydrogen phosphate

47
Q

What are the acid and base involved with the protein buffer system?

A

acid: carboxyl group
base: amine group

48
Q

What are the acid and base involved with the protein buffer system?

A

acid: carboxyl group
base: amine group

49
Q

What are the acid and base involved with the protein buffer system?

A

acid: carboxyl group
base: amine group

50
Q

The kidneys can make what ion?

A

the bicarbonate ion

Zach's TCC Anatomy Test 3 (3 decks)

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