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Cells > Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

What proportion of our body is water?

A

Males: 60%
Females:50% (have more fat)

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2
Q

Which 3 fluid compartments is water spread over?

A

Fluid in cells - Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Blood plasma - Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Interstitial fluid- Extracellular fluid (ECF)

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3
Q

What is transcellular fluid?

A

The fluid that is trapped within spaces completely surrounded by epithelial cells e.g cerebrospinal fluid or pericardial fluid

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4
Q

What is the equation to measure concentration?

A

Amount divided by volume

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5
Q

How would you measure the concentration of fluid compartments?

A

Add a marker to the compartment and then measure its concentration after equilibrium

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6
Q

What are the properties of a good marker for fluid compartments?

A 
Confined to the compartment
Even distribution 
Non toxic and easy to measure
Not metabolised or excreted 
(e.g add a marker to protein that sits in the fluid compartment)
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7
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of anything from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration

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8
Q

What is brownian motion?

A

The random dispersion of molecules form high to low concentration

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9
Q

What is the barrier between plasma and interstitial fluid ?

A

Capillary wall

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10
Q

What are the properties of the capillary barrier and what can pass through it?

A
  • One layer of cells
  • Have pores (fenestrations) and junctions between cells allow exchange between blood and cells
  • water-freely permeable
  • small molecules-permeable
  • large molecules-impermeable
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11
Q

What is the barrier between the interstitial fluid and the intracellular fluid?

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

What are the properties of the cell membrane barrier and what can pass through it?

A
  • Lipid bilayer
  • Has channels and carriers
  • water-freely permeable
  • ions-relatively impermeable
  • larger molecules-relatively impermeable
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13
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane driven by a difference in water concentration across the membrane

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14
Q

During osmosis, what osmotic pressure does water flow from?

A

Flows from low osmotic pressure (high water conc) to high osmotic pressure (low water conc)
-flows from a weak solution to a strong one

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15
Q

Is osmotic pressure determined by particle size?

A

No

-osmotic pressure is determined by solute particle number and not size

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16
Q

What is the formula to calculate moles?

A

Mass (g) divided by molecular weight (Mr)

17
Q

What is avogradro’s constant and what does it refer to?

A

6.022 x10^23

Refers to the number of particles in one mole of any substance

18
Q

What is an osmole?

A

One osmole= 6x 10^23 particles in a solution
If a solution dissociates into ions this must be taken into account
-e.g 1 mole of sodium chloride =2 osmoles

19
Q

What is osmolarity and how is it calculated?

A

Osmolarity is how strong a solution is
(think like diluting squash)
- Osmolarity = molar concentration x number of osmoles
-e.g osmolarity of 1 mole of sodium chloride = 1x2=2

20
Q

What are starling forces?

A

A force that drives the fluid movement across capillary wall

21
Q

What are the starling forces driving movement out of the capillary?

A

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (Pcap)

Capillary Oncotic Pressure ( ∏cap)

22
Q

What are the starling forces driving movement into the capillary?

A

Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure (Pi)

Interstitial Fluid Oncotic Pressure (∏i)

23
Q

What is the equation for the net driving pressure for filtration in the capillaries?

A

Net driving pressure = [ (Pcap - Pi) - (∏cap - ∏i) ]

24
Q

What are the 2 coefficients that must be applied when calculating starling forces?

A

The Reflection coefficient (sigma) -not all capillaries are 100% impermeable to proteins
The Filtration coefficient (Kf)-how leaky the capillary is

25
Q

What is starlings equation?

A

Q= Kf (Pcap - Pi) - sigma(∏cap - ∏i)

26
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid

27
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Sinusoids are a type of capillary that have a wide diameter and have large gaps between endothelial cells

28
Q

How do different capillaries have different filtration coefficients?

A
  • Continuous capillaries have the lowest Kf as they have no gaps- therefore not leaky
  • Fenestrated capillaries have a higher Kf as they have pores/fenestrations -therefore slightly leaky
  • Sinusoid capillaries have the highest Kf as they have gaps between endothelial cells and incomplete basement membrane- therefore very leaky

Cells (8 decks)

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