Fluid Book Flashcards
Blood pressure depends on:
- cardiac output
- peripheral vascular resistance
What are the 3 layers of glomerular filtration?
- capillary endothelium ( permeable except for cells and platelets )
- capillary basement (glycoproteins and proteoglycan)
- podocytes
ADH causes release of which factors?
vW and VIII
What are the components of the buffer system ?
Bicarbonate, hemoglobin, phosphate, bone
What is the formula for anion gap?
Na- Cl - HCO3
The daily acid load is a product of ____
Dietary proteins and cellular metabolism
Generalized impairment in resorptive capacity of proximal tubule is a condition known as ____
Fanconi syndrome
What is the main ketone produce in DKA?
B-hydroxybutyric
Ethylene glycol toxicity results in the following signs:
Neurological
Pulmonary edema
Tachycardia
Renal failure
Which are the 2 systems involve in potassium balance ?
1) short term = cells
Via catecholamine, insulin, alkalosis
2) long term = kidneys
Proximal tubule and loop of henle resorb potassium
Collecting tubule secrete potassium
The volume of air in the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange is called:
Physiologic death space (about 30% of tidal volume)
What are the two components of the physiological dead space?
Anatomic (conducting airway; trachea, bronchi, bronchioles) = constant
Alveolar ( alveoli that are not perfuse) = varies
What are the 3 steps of ventilation?
Sensing/signaling
Muscle and motion
Free flow
What are the layers that makes the filtration barrier ?
- Endothelium of capillaries (fenestrae)
- Basement membrane
- Podocytes
Specialized group of epithelial cells in the distal tubules that comes in close contact with afférent and efferent arterioles is _____
Macula densa
The amount of urine that must be excreted each day to rid the body of metabolic waste product and ions that are ingested is called _____
Obligatory urine volume
The deformity of the maxilla and mandible in young dogs with CKD is called ___
Rubber jaw
Which radioisotope can be use to determine GFR?
Iohexol
Réabsorption of protein in the proximal tubule is mediated via —-
Megalin ans cubulin mediated endocytosis
Renal biopsy are indicated when UPC is over which number (in adddition to being unresponsive to therapy)
3.5
Evaluation of renal biopsies should use which methods ?
Light microscopy with MT
TEM
Immunofluorescence
What are the 4 components of nephrotic syndrome ?
Hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, edema ans proteinuria
Isosthenuria is defined as a USG of ___
1.008 -1.015
Which part of the nephron is most susceptible to hypoxia ?
Cortical: proximal tubule and loop of henle
