Fluid Balance On The Trackside Flashcards
1
Q
Exercise related cause of collapse
A
- exercise associated hyponatraemia
- heatstroke
- hyperthermia
- exercise associated postural hypotension
2
Q
Exercise associated postural hypotension: causes, symptoms, treatment
A
- causes: sudden stop of exercise (not dehydration), calves are no longer pumping blood back to heart at fast rate leading to sudden reduction in filling pressure
- symptoms: lightheadedness, unable to stand, dizzy
- treatment: legs above head, oral fluids appropriate IV fluids are not
3
Q
Heat stroke: causes, symptoms, effects, treatment
A
- causes: >41 degrees rectal temperature, in hot and humid conditions sweat is no longer a sufficient way of regulating heat loss
- symptoms: confusion, shivering (hypothalamic failure, unable to regulate body temp)
- effects: impaired cardiac function, tissue hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, multi-organ failure
- treatment: cold water bath until temp returns back to 38 degrees and confusion is gone. If need to be hospitalised, serial bloods until kidney and liver function return to normal, reintroduce exercise slowly at low intensity and in colder climates
4
Q
Exercise associated hyponatraemia: causes, symptoms, effects, treatment, high risk groups
A
- causes: consumption of too much fluid causing <135 [Na] mmol/L, holding onto urine (exercise can cause this), abnormal ADH (causing holding onto urine), anti-inflammatories (can cause holding onto urine too)
- symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headache, AGITATION (distinct from dehydration)
- effects: can cause seizures and death (due to cerebral oedema)
- high risk groups: female athletes, slow runners, longer events
- treatment: if no mental disturbance give salty snacks and monitor until urinate, if mental disturbance give 3% hypertonic saline in 100mL bolus (do not want to give too much fluid), education for athletes (drink ad libitum, sports drinks still cause EAH, avoid excessive drinking before and after exercise)
