Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs of hypovolaemia?

A

Decreased BP, reduced urine volume, non-visible JVP, poor tissue turgor, increased pulse, daily weight loss

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2
Q

What are the signs of fluid overload?

A

Increased BP, increased JVP, lung creps, peripheral oedema, gallop rhythm (S3 gallop)

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3
Q

How is hypovolaemia managed?

A

1) 500mL Crystalloid over 15 mins
2) Reassess fluid state
3) Further boluses of 250-500mL crystalloid, with clinical review after each
4) Stop when euvolaemic or seek expert help when 2L given

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4
Q

What crystalloids can be used?

A

Follow local guideline

Usually, balanced or buffered crystalloids include Hartmann’s, Ringer’s lactate, and Plasma-Lyte®

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5
Q

How is hypervolaemia managed?

A

1) O2 supplementation if required
2) Fluid restriction
3) Diuretics - if symptomatic
4) RRT - AKI + oligo/anuria

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6
Q

What is the routine maintenance of IV fluids?

A
  • 25-30 ml/kg/day water + 500ml for insatiable losses
  • 1mmol/kg/day Na+, K+, Cl-
  • 50-100g/day glucose (e.g. glucose 5% contains 5g/100ml
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7
Q

How much K+ can be given?

A

No more than 10mmol/hr due to effects on heart

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