Fluid Balance

Question 1

Average Adult is what % Water by weight

Answer 1

Male: 60%
Females: 50%
Older Adult: 45-55%

Question 2

Children are what % of Water by Weight

Answer 2

Premies: upto 80%
Fullterm: 70%
Children: 60%

Question 3

3 fluid compartments

Answer 3

Intravascular, Interstitial and Transcellular (Intracellular)

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Movement of solutes from H>L

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Movement of H20 from area of H>L through SPM

Question 6

Active Transport example

Answer 6

insulin is carrier of glucose

Question 7

What is 3rd spacing & edema

Answer 7

fluid trapped in interstitial spaces (relates to osmotic pressure)

Question 8

Main manifestation of inflammation is…

Answer 8

increase in capillary permeability.

-lets things like WBCs come in but vital things like proteins can come out and pull fluid with it

Question 9

What is a common treatment for 3rd spacing

Answer 9

Albumin given IV

Question 10

Intake from fluids is normally…

Answer 10

1100 - 1400 mL

Question 11

Intake from foods is normally…

Answer 11

800 - 1000 mL

Question 12

Intake from metabolism is normally…

Answer 12

300mL

Question 13

Normal daily intake total is…

Answer 13

2200 - 2700 mL

Question 14

Normal daily output from skin (sweat)…

Answer 14

500 - 600 mL

Question 15

Normal daily output from insensible (breathing)…

Answer 15

100 - 200 mL

Question 16

Normal daily output from GI…

Answer 16

100 - 200 mL

Question 17

Normal daily output from urine…

Answer 17

1200 - 1500 mL

Question 18

Corticosteroids can cause what imbalance

Answer 18

fluid retention

Question 19

GFR

Answer 19

glomerlular filtration rate
60 - 120 - normal
15 - 60 - kidney disease
0 - 15 - kidney failure

Question 20

Regulatory mechanisms of fluid balance

Answer 20

Aldosterone> ADH> Naturetic Peptides

Question 21

Aldosterone

Answer 21

helps with re-absorption of sodium

Question 22

ADH

Answer 22

helps with re-absorption of water

Question 23

BNP will be elevated in what disease

Answer 23

CHF

Question 24

Osmolarity of Isotonic fluid

Answer 24

Same as body fluids - used to replace extracellular volume

Question 25

Osmolarity of Hypotonic fluid

Answer 25

less than that of body fluids. Used to hydrate cells

Question 26

Osmolarity of Hypertonic fluid

Answer 26

greater than body fluids - used most often to increase extracellular volume

Question 27

1 liter of fluid = ? pounds

Answer 27

2.2lbs

Question 28

500 mL of fluid =

Answer 28

approximately 1 pound

Question 29

causes of hypovolemia

Answer 29

• bleeding
• dehydration
• diarrhea
• ascites (3rd spacing)
• NG suctioning
• excessive diaphoresis
• burns
• diuretic therarpy

Question 30

Symptoms of hypovolemia

Answer 30

• increase in HR
• increase in RR
• decrease in BP
• decrease in pulse pressure
• weakness/dizziness
• decreased cognition/concentration
• decreased skin turgor
• Increased thirst
• oliguria
• orthostatic BP (decrease in SBP 20mmHg or more, decrease in DBP 10mmHg or more)

Question 31

Oliguria classifications

Answer 31

less than 0.5mL/kg/hour

Question 32

hypervolemia causes

Answer 32

• too much blood volume
• renal failure
• CHF
• hypernatremia
• overhydration
• psych disorders

Question 33

symptoms of hypervolemia

Answer 33

• increased BP
• increase HR
• SOB
• edema
• bounding +4 pulses
• JVD
• Crackles in lungs (pleural effusion)
• moist skin

Question 34

Osmolarity

Answer 34

270 - 300