Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

5 Sources of free hydrogen ion production

Answer 1

1. Complete Metabolism of Carbs
2. Protein metabolism
3. Incomplete metabolism of Carbs (Anaerobic metabolism)
4. Cell lysis
5. Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids

Question 2

pH is normal when acid to base ratio is…

Answer 2

1:20
base exists as bicarbonate (HCO3)
acid exists as carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 3

Regulatory Mechanisms of pH

Answer 3

Chemical Buffers > Respiratory control of carbon dioxide> Renal regulation of bicarbonate

Question 4

Chemical Buffers

Answer 4

• like sponges
• Immediate action
• ongoing (always happening)

Question 5

Respiratory control of carbon dioxide

Answer 5

Breathing faster or slower

Question 6

Renal regulation of bicarbonate

Answer 6

Strongest line of defense 24-28 hours to kick in

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

7.35 -7.45

Question 8

PaCO2

Answer 8

35-45 mmHg

Question 9

PaO2

Answer 9

80-100 mmHg

<80=hypoxic

Question 10

HCO3-

Answer 10

22-26 mEq/L

Question 11

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 11

• Decreased pH
• Normal bicarbonate
• Increased CO2

Question 12

Examples of Repiratory Acidosis

Answer 12

• COPD
• Choking r/t hypoventilation
• Status Asthmaticus
• Narcotic use r/t hypoventilation

Question 13

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 13

• increased pH
• normal bicarbonate
• Decreased CO2

Question 14

Examples of Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 14

• hyperventilation
• anxiety
• high fever
• some head injuries

Question 15

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 15

• decreased pH
• decreased bicarbonate
• normal CO2

Question 16

Examples of Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 16

• DKA
• lactic acidosis
• Diarrhea
• Renal insufficiency

Question 17

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 17

• increased pH
• Increased bicarbonate
• normal CO2

Question 18

Examples of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 18

• vomiting
• NG suction
• low serum K+