Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
1
Q
5 Sources of free hydrogen ion production
A
- Complete Metabolism of Carbs
- Protein metabolism
- Incomplete metabolism of Carbs (Anaerobic metabolism)
- Cell lysis
- Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
2
Q
pH is normal when acid to base ratio is…
A
1:20
base exists as bicarbonate (HCO3)
acid exists as carbonic acid (H2CO3)
3
Q
Regulatory Mechanisms of pH
A
Chemical Buffers > Respiratory control of carbon dioxide> Renal regulation of bicarbonate
4
Q
Chemical Buffers
A
- like sponges
- Immediate action
- ongoing (always happening)
5
Q
Respiratory control of carbon dioxide
A
Breathing faster or slower
6
Q
Renal regulation of bicarbonate
A
Strongest line of defense 24-28 hours to kick in
7
Q
pH
A
7.35 -7.45
8
Q
PaCO2
A
35-45 mmHg
9
Q
PaO2
A
80-100 mmHg
<80=hypoxic
10
Q
HCO3-
A
22-26 mEq/L
11
Q
Respiratory Acidosis
A
- Decreased pH
- Normal bicarbonate
- Increased CO2
12
Q
Examples of Repiratory Acidosis
A
- COPD
- Choking r/t hypoventilation
- Status Asthmaticus
- Narcotic use r/t hypoventilation
13
Q
Respiratory Alkalosis
A
- increased pH
- normal bicarbonate
- Decreased CO2
14
Q
Examples of Respiratory Alkalosis
A
- hyperventilation
- anxiety
- high fever
- some head injuries
15
Q
Metabolic Acidosis
A
- decreased pH
- decreased bicarbonate
- normal CO2
16
Q
Examples of Metabolic Acidosis
A
- DKA
- lactic acidosis
- Diarrhea
- Renal insufficiency
17
Q
Metabolic Alkalosis
A
- increased pH
- Increased bicarbonate
- normal CO2
18
Q
Examples of Metabolic Alkalosis
A
- vomiting
- NG suction
- low serum K+
