Fluid And Electrolytes

Question 1

What are the 2 fluid compartments

Answer 1

Extracellular- known as interstitial or vascular, 20% of our weight and 30% of the water in our body

Intercellular- 40% of our weight and 70% of the water in the body

Question 2

Water in the body, facts

Answer 2

Major body constituent

50-60% of adult body weight

More vital to life than food

Average intake is 1500-300ml/day

Median for metabolic reactions

Transports nutrients and waste

Lubricant

Insulator and shock absorber

Maintains and regulates body temp

Question 3

What is osmosis?

Answer 3

Water molecules move from high to low concentration

Question 4

What is osmotic pressure

Answer 4

the pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of the solution.

Question 5

What is filtration

Answer 5

the action or process of filtering something.

“small particles are difficult to remove without filtration”

Question 6

What is hydrostatic pressure

Answer 6

the pressure that is exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity

Question 7

What is active transport

Answer 7

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 8

What do the kidneys regulate?

Answer 8

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system

Which is sodium and Blood pressure

Question 9

What does the cardiovascular system regulate in terms of body fluids?

Answer 9

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Question 10

What does the lung regulate in relation to body fluids

Answer 10

Acid base

Question 11

What do the adrenal glands regulate in relation to body fluids

Answer 11

Aldosterone

Question 12

What does the G.I tract do in relation to the body fluids

Answer 12

Absorbs nutrients and water.

Question 13

What does the nervous system regulate in relation to body fluids?

Answer 13

Posterior pituitary is for ADH

Hypothalamus is our thirst center

Thyroid controls the basic metabolic rate

Question 14

Normal serum value for Na+

Answer 14

135-145 mEq/L

Question 15

Normal serum value for K+

Answer 15

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 16

Normal serum value for Ca++

Answer 16

4.5-5.5 mg/dL

Question 17

Normal serum value for Mg+

Answer 17

1.5 to 2.5 mg/dL

Question 18

Normal serum value for Cl-

Answer 18

98-106 mEq/L

Question 19

Normal serum value for PO4-

Answer 19

1.2-3.0 mg/dL

Question 20

What do electrolytes do?

Answer 20

Regulate H2O distribution

Regulate acid/base balance

Facilitate enzyme reactions

Maintain balance of neuromuscular activity

Question 21

Variables affecting fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance OUTPUT

Answer 21

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Laxative/diuretic use 
Fistula
NG suction/drain
Fever, diaphoresis
3rd space fluid shifts

Question 22

Variables affecting fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance INTAKE

Answer 22

Anorexia
Nausea
Inability to gain access to fluids
Inability to swallow
Depression

Question 23

What to look for in a physical assessment

Answer 23

Intake and output 
Weight
Skin
Mucous membranes
Vital signs
Veins
Eyes
Neuro
Labs

Question 24

What is an edema

Answer 24

Excess fluid in intercellular space. Result of too much sodium and water

Question 25

What is Acid-Base Balance measured in? What is its normal range ?

Answer 25

Measured in pH

Normal range is 7.35-7.45

Question 26

What are the homeostatic regulators of the Acid-Base balance

Answer 26

Chemical buffers

• carbonic acid system-largest and first to react when change in extracellular fluid is detected, controlled by lungs
• excretion of bicarbonate-slow to react, controlled by kidneys
• phosphate and protein system

Respiratory

Kidneys