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Physiology > Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

how much water is ingested in a day?

A

2100mL

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2
Q

how much water is synthesized within the body per day?

A

200mL

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3
Q

how much of body water output per day is insensible(not consciously aware)?

A

700mL

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4
Q

how much of body water output per day is lost by sweat?

A

0.1 - 2L

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5
Q

how much of body water output per day is lost by feces?

A

100mL

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6
Q

how much of body water output per day is lost by the kidneys?

A

0.5 - 20 L

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7
Q

interstitial fluid vs plasma fluid?

A

both are ECF, interstitial is outside blood vessels and plasma is within

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8
Q

is there more ICF or ECF in the body?

A

ICF

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9
Q

ICF makes up what percent of total body weight?

A

40%

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10
Q

ICF divided from ECF by cell membrane which is highly permeable to _____ but impermeable to most _____.

A

water, electrolytes

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11
Q

ECF makes up what percent of total body weight?

A

20%

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12
Q

what fraction of ECF is interstitial and what fraction is plasma?

A

interstital fluid = 3/4, plasma = 1/4

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13
Q

Plasma and interstitial fluid have similar composition except _______ which stay in plasma.

A

proteins

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14
Q

The ionic composition of ICF and ECF is _______ but the total osmotic concentrations are ______.

A

different, similar

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15
Q

what are the 3P’s for ionic composition and for ICF or ECF?

A

3P’s = protein, phosphate, and potassium which are more abundant in the ICF

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16
Q

what two ions are abundant in the ECF?

A

Na+ and Cl-

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17
Q

blood volume makes up what percent of total body weight?

A

7%

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18
Q

what percent of blood is plasma and what percent is RBC’s?

A

60% plasma and 40% RBC’s

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19
Q

plasma volume = ________ X ________

A

blood volume X (1-Hct)

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20
Q

what levels of Hct are normal?

A

men=0.4 and women=0.36

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21
Q

what Hct level is a sign of anemia?

A

0.10

22
Q

what Hct level is a sign of polycythemia?

A

0.65

23
Q

describe an ideal substance to use for the measurement of body fluids

A

evenly disperses, no protein binding, not metabolized, not rapidly excreted

24
Q

what can be used to measure the volume of total body water and why?

A

antipyrene (b/c it is inert, lipid soluble, and distributes well) and labeled water

25
Q

what can be used to measure the volume of extracellular volume and why?

A

22Na+ or inulin, they are not taken up into the cells

26
Q

what can be used to measure the volume of plasma and why?

A

125i-albumin, because proteins such as this cannot leave the vasculature

27
Q

what can be used to measure blood volume and why?

A

blood volume = plasma volume/(1-Hct)

28
Q

osmosis is known as the net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of ______ water concentration to one with a ______ concentration

A

high, lower

29
Q

Number of osmotically active particles in a solution

A

osmole

30
Q

osmolality is measured by….

A

Osmole/kg water

31
Q

osmolarity is measured by…….

A

Osmole/L solution

32
Q

a solution with 1mol/L of NaCl will have and osmolarity of what?

A

2Osmole/L

33
Q

What is the Van’t Hoff equation?

A

osmotic P = CRT

34
Q

Osmotic pressure is _______ proportional to concentration of osmotically active particles in solution

A

directly, P=CRT

35
Q

what is the difference betwenn osmolarity and tonicity?

A

osmolarity is regardless of the permeability of solutes while tonicity is dependent upon concentrations of impermeable solutes

36
Q

if you add an isotonic solution of saline to the ECF what will happen?

A

no osmosis, increase in ECF

37
Q

If you add a hypertonic solution to the ECF, what will happen?

A

increase in osmolarity, increase in ECF, decrease in ICF

38
Q

If you add a hypotonic solution to the ECF, what will happen?

A

decrease in osmolarity, increase in ECF and ICF

39
Q

If correct hyponatremia too quickly by giving hypertonic solution, further osmosis of water from cells occurs in what happening to neurons?

A

demyelination

40
Q

Loss of sodium chloride from ECF

A

a cause of hyponatremia, hypo-osmotic dehydration

41
Q

Excess water added to ECF

A

a cause of hyponatremia, hypo-osmotic overhydration

42
Q

Loss of water in ECF

A

a cause of hypernatremia, hyperosmotic dehydration

43
Q

excess sodium in ECF

A

a cause of hypernatremia, hyperosmotic overhydration

44
Q

Excessive secretion of aldosterone results in

A

excess sodium in ECF, hypernatremia

45
Q

Inability to secrete ADH (diabetes insipidus), Kidneys do not respond to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), and Dehydration results in

A

Loss of water in ECF, hypernatremia

46
Q

Decreased secretion of aldosterone results in

A

loss of sodium from ECF, hyponatremia

47
Q

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results in

A

excess water added to the ECF, hyponatremia

48
Q

decreased Ca2+ intake, vitamin D deficiency, decreased parathyroid hormone secretion can results in

A

hypocalcemia

49
Q

excess vitamin D, excess parathyroid hormone secretion, decreased renal K+ excretion can result in

A

hypercaclemia

50
Q

excess fluid in the tissues

A

edema

Physiology (4 decks)

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