Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

What is the purpose of Sodium in the body?

Answer 1

Regulates water in the cells of the body
Important in brain, muscles, nerves

Question 2

What is Euvolemic Hypernatremia?

Answer 2

LESS Water
and
Normal # of Na

Question 3

What is Hypervolemic Hypernatremia?

Answer 3

More Water
and
MORE MORE Na

Question 4

What is Hypovolemic Hypernatremia

Answer 4

LESS LESS Water
and
Less Na

Question 5

What is the cause of Hypernatremia (MODELS)

Answer 5

M medications
O osmotic diuretics
D diabetes
E excessive H2o
L low H2o
S Sodium intake high

Question 6

What are the assessment findings for hypernatremia (FRIED & SALTED)

Answer 6

F fever
R restless
I increased fluid retention
E edema
D dry mouth

S skin flushed
A altered LOC
L low u/o
T thirst
E elevated bp
D decreased energy

Question 7

What are the management for Hypernatremia? (FLAG)

Answer 7

F free water administration
L loop diuretics
A agent causing
G give fluids IV

Question 8

What to monitor when they have high sodium?

Answer 8

Neurological status
Correct imbalances with Cerebral Edema

Question 9

What is Euvolemic HYPOnatremia?

Answer 9

More fluid
Normal # of Na

Question 10

What is Hypervolemic Hyponatremia?

Answer 10

MORE MORE Fluid
Normal # of Na (diluted)

Question 11

What is Hypovolemic Hyponatremia?

Answer 11

LESS FLUID
LESS Na

Question 12

What are the causes of Hyponatremia? MOBS FAIL

Answer 12

M meds (diurectics)
O oral gastric tube suctioning
B burns
S SIADH (retains water)

FAIL - failure (heart, kidney, liver)

Question 13

What are some assessment findings for low sodium? LOW SODIUM

Answer 13

L level of consciousness altered
O orthostatic hypotension
W weak muscles

S SEIZURES
O osmolarity SERUM low
D diarrhea
I increased ICP
U urine osmolarity high
M more bowel sounds