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Nursing 205 > Fluid And Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards

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0
Q

What factors influence fluid content?

A

Age, muscle mass, fat content, gender (females w/ hormonal changes)

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1
Q

What is the normal lab value for Potassium?

A

3.5-5.2

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2
Q

What is the movement of fluid from an area of less solute to an area of greater solute? Or more fluid to an are of less fluid

A

Osmosis

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3
Q

What is the movement of solutes from from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (to equal itself out)?

A

Diffusion

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4
Q

What is the energy used to transport proteins thoroughly the body?

A

Active transport

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5
Q

What is the pressure that water places on the wall of the blood vessel; generated by the heart pumping?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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6
Q

True or false: 70% of protein in plasma is Albumin

A

True

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7
Q

What is the pressure exerted by protein (colloid) in plasma against the capillary wall?

A

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

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8
Q

What is the total concentration of solute particles in a solution?

A

Osmolarity

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9
Q

What is the normal range for serum osmolarity?

A

275-295

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10
Q

What IV fluid changes from isotonic on the shelf to hypotonic in the body?

A

D5W

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11
Q

What solution causes cells to swell because the fluid moves into the cell?

A

Hypotonic

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12
Q

What solution causes cells to shrink because fluid moves out of the cell?

A

Hypertonic

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13
Q

What solution is under 275 osmolarity?

A

Hypotonic

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14
Q

What solution has an osmolarity greater than 295?

A

Hypertonic

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15
Q

What are hypotonic solutions used to treat?

A

Severe dehydration

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16
Q

What do you treat with hypertonic solutions?

A

Edema

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17
Q

What is the first regulatory mechanism to kick in?

A

Thirst

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18
Q

When does the renin angiotensin system kick in?

A

When there’s not enough fluid in the body. It holds on to water and nacl

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19
Q

Name the hormone: pituitary gland releases vasopressin-renal fluid reabsorption-kidneys conserve water

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

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20
Q

Name the process: blood volume increase-bp increase-heart stretch-atria releases anp-inhibits aldosterone secretion and na reabsorption (increase urine output)

A

Atrial Natiuretic Peptide

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21
Q

When will the body be stimulated to secrete ADH?

A

Dehydration

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22
Q

What role does albumin play in fluid balance?

A

Fluid magnet

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23
Q

What is the normal value of specific gravity?

A

1.010-1.025

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24
Q

What is fluid loss you CAN’T measure?

A

Insensible loss

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25
Q

What is fluid loss you CAN measure?

A

Sensible loss

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26
Q

What is the normal lab value of Na?

A

135-145

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27
Q

What is your typical diagnosis when your bun and hct are elevated?

A

Dehydration

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28
Q

True of false: increased albumin is a sign of dehydration .

A

True

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29
Q

What dilution would you give for diarrhea, burbs, and hemorrhage?

A

Isotonic

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30
Q

What solution would you give for watery diarrhea, diabetes insidious, and insufficient ADH?

A

Hypertonic

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31
Q

What solution would you give for diarrhea, vomiting, ng tubes, diuretics, and fever?

A

Hypotonic

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32
Q

What fluid imbalance is described as: increased HR, increased thirst, thready pulse, decreased BP, flat neck veins.

A

Fluid volume deficet

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33
Q

What is the most common area for fluid volume excess?

A

Interstitial (third space)

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34
Q

What are the most common causes for fluid volume excess?

A

Hypertonic fluid and renal/heart disease

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35
Q

What fluid imbalance is described as: increased HR, increased BP, bonding pulses, vein distension, increased resp rate, crackles in lungs?

A

Fluid volume excess

36
Q

Name the edema: proteins are trapped inside fluid buildup causing discoloration.

A

Brawny edema

37
Q

How do you treat refractory edema (unmanageable)?

A

Aldactone

38
Q

What is it when increased capillary pressure forces fluid into surrounding tissue?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

39
Q

What conditions lead to a decreased colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Liver disease, malnutrition, protein loss

40
Q

What conditions will increase capillary permeability?

A

Tissue damage, burns, distended bowel, sprain

41
Q

Name the disease: excessive ADH production (pituitary gland), loss of electrolytes but not water, fluid retention but low sodium.

A

SIADH

42
Q

Name the disease by signs/symptoms: FVE, crackles, decreased urine output, increased BP, aldosterone secretion suppressed.

A

SIADH

43
Q

What are the treatment options for SIADH?

A

Diuretics, hypertonic Iv, po fluid restrictions, declomycin ( blocks ADH in kidneys)

44
Q

Name the disease: decreased ADH causes the kidneys to NOT concentrate urine, dehydration, increase na in plasma/increase plasma osmolarity, decrease urine osmolarity.

A

Diabetes insipidus

45
Q

What is the difference between central DI and nephrogenic DI?

A

Central–ADH DEFICIENCY

nephrogenic– ADH is produced but kidneys do not respond

46
Q

How do you treat central Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Replacement ADH (vasopressin) low na diet, Diabense

47
Q

How do you treat nephrogenic DI?

A

Thiazides diuretics

48
Q

Why is potassium replacement needed for the postoperative patient?

A

Aldosterone kicks in and holds on to sodium and potassium is excreted.

49
Q

Why do patients undergo fluid challenges?

A

Force the kidneys to work

50
Q

What solution will a patient receive is their serum osmolarity is elevated?

A

Hypotonic (pulls water out of vessel into the cell)

51
Q

What is the best assessment finding to determine fluid balance imbalance?

A

Daily weight

52
Q

What are charged particles that help the body use energy?

A

Electrolyte

53
Q

What disease is too much water that dilutes the sodium in the body?

A

Hyponatremia

54
Q

Who is at most risk for hyponatremia?

A

Elderly, children, unconscious pt

55
Q

What is the most obvious sign of hyponatremia?

A

Neurological disorders

56
Q

Hypo or hyper- natremia? Confusion, dehydration, increased HR/BP, dry mm, hyperactive bs

A

Hyponatremia

57
Q

Name the disease: excessive na, triggers thirst, increase neurological activity (tremors and hyper reflexion)

A

Hypernatremia

58
Q

Hyper or hypo-natremia? Fluid volume excess, too much fluid/too much salt.

A

Hypernatremia

59
Q

What is the overproduction of aldosterone in the adrenal gland?

A

Cushings disease

60
Q

What is the under production of aldosterone in the adrenal gland?

A

Addison’s disease

61
Q

Names the disease: S-skin flushed A- agitation L- low grade fever T- thirst

A

hypernatremia

62
Q

How do you treat hypernatremia?

A

1/2 NSS

63
Q

Where is potassium primarily excreted?

A

Kidneys

64
Q

What are the best sources of potassium?

A

Fruits and vegetables

65
Q

True or false: potassium helps transport glycogen into the cell.

A

True

66
Q

What mental disorder Dan cause hypokalemia?

A

Anorexia nervosa

67
Q

Name the disease: flat/inverted t waves, weak/thready pulse, weakness in legs

A

Hypokalemia

68
Q

Name the disease: slow HR, decrease BP, tall peaked ‘T’ waves, weakness, hyperactive gi, resp failure

A

Hyperkalemia

69
Q

How do u correct hyperkalemia?

A

Diuretics and D10 w/ insulin

70
Q

How do you correct cardiac arrhythmia with hyperkalemia ?

A

10% calcium gluconate

71
Q

What is the normal lab value for Calcium?

A

8.5-10.5

72
Q

What regulates calcium in the body?

A

Parathyroid

73
Q

What vitamin is needed to help with absorption of calcium?

A

Vitamin D

74
Q

Where do the serum levels of calcium come from primarily?

A

Gi absorption

75
Q

True or false: calcium contracts cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle. As well as, helps with blood clotting.

A

TRUE

76
Q

What form of calcium is calculated in lab values and is pro dominantly used?

A

Ionized

77
Q

How does pancreatitis cause hypocalcemia?

A

Lipase breaks down fat to fatty acid; fatty acid binds to protein

78
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Fat in feces

79
Q

Name the disease: tremor, seizure, involuntary muscle spasm, weakness hands/feet (w/Ca)

A

Hypocalcemia

80
Q

What is the best treatment for hypocalcemia?

A

Iv calcium gluconate, w/ d5w

81
Q

How is hypercalcemia different from other imbalances? (HR)

A

Increased HR and BP then decreased HR

82
Q

What is the normal lab value for phosphorus?

A

2.5-4.5

83
Q

Where is phosphorus regulated?

A

Parathyroid

84
Q

What chronic addicted disease is hypophosphatemia associated with?

A

Alcoholism

85
Q

What is the best treatment for hyperphoshatemia?

A

Increase calcium intake, diuretics

86
Q

What is the normal lab value for magnesium?

A

1.5-2.5

87
Q

Where is magnesium absorbed?

A

Small intestine

88
Q

What regulates magnesium?

A

Kidney and gi

Nursing 205 (4 decks)

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