Fluid And Electrolytes

Question 0

What factors influence fluid content?

Answer 0

Age, muscle mass, fat content, gender (females w/ hormonal changes)

Question 1

What is the normal lab value for Potassium?

Answer 1

3.5-5.2

Question 2

What is the movement of fluid from an area of less solute to an area of greater solute? Or more fluid to an are of less fluid

Answer 2

Osmosis

Question 3

What is the movement of solutes from from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (to equal itself out)?

Answer 3

Diffusion

Question 4

What is the energy used to transport proteins thoroughly the body?

Answer 4

Active transport

Question 5

What is the pressure that water places on the wall of the blood vessel; generated by the heart pumping?

Answer 5

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

True or false: 70% of protein in plasma is Albumin

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the pressure exerted by protein (colloid) in plasma against the capillary wall?

Answer 7

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Question 8

What is the total concentration of solute particles in a solution?

Answer 8

Osmolarity

Question 9

What is the normal range for serum osmolarity?

Answer 9

275-295

Question 10

What IV fluid changes from isotonic on the shelf to hypotonic in the body?

Answer 10

D5W

Question 11

What solution causes cells to swell because the fluid moves into the cell?

Answer 11

Hypotonic

Question 12

What solution causes cells to shrink because fluid moves out of the cell?

Answer 12

Hypertonic

Question 13

What solution is under 275 osmolarity?

Answer 13

Hypotonic

Question 14

What solution has an osmolarity greater than 295?

Answer 14

Hypertonic

Question 15

What are hypotonic solutions used to treat?

Answer 15

Severe dehydration

Question 16

What do you treat with hypertonic solutions?

Answer 16

Edema

Question 17

What is the first regulatory mechanism to kick in?

Answer 17

Thirst

Question 18

When does the renin angiotensin system kick in?

Answer 18

When there’s not enough fluid in the body. It holds on to water and nacl

Question 19

Name the hormone: pituitary gland releases vasopressin-renal fluid reabsorption-kidneys conserve water

Answer 19

Anti-diuretic hormone

Question 20

Name the process: blood volume increase-bp increase-heart stretch-atria releases anp-inhibits aldosterone secretion and na reabsorption (increase urine output)

Answer 20

Atrial Natiuretic Peptide

Question 21

When will the body be stimulated to secrete ADH?

Answer 21

Dehydration

Question 22

What role does albumin play in fluid balance?

Answer 22

Fluid magnet

Question 23

What is the normal value of specific gravity?

Answer 23

1.010-1.025

Question 24

What is fluid loss you CAN'T measure?

Answer 24

Insensible loss

Question 25

What is fluid loss you CAN measure?

Answer 25

Sensible loss

Question 26

What is the normal lab value of Na?

Answer 26

135-145

Question 27

What is your typical diagnosis when your bun and hct are elevated?

Answer 27

Dehydration

Question 28

True of false: increased albumin is a sign of dehydration .

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What dilution would you give for diarrhea, burbs, and hemorrhage?

Answer 29

Isotonic

Question 30

What solution would you give for watery diarrhea, diabetes insidious, and insufficient ADH?

Answer 30

Hypertonic

Question 31

What solution would you give for diarrhea, vomiting, ng tubes, diuretics, and fever?

Answer 31

Hypotonic

Question 32

What fluid imbalance is described as: increased HR, increased thirst, thready pulse, decreased BP, flat neck veins.

Answer 32

Fluid volume deficet

Question 33

What is the most common area for fluid volume excess?

Answer 33

Interstitial (third space)

Question 34

What are the most common causes for fluid volume excess?

Answer 34

Hypertonic fluid and renal/heart disease

Question 35

What fluid imbalance is described as: increased HR, increased BP, bonding pulses, vein distension, increased resp rate, crackles in lungs?

Answer 35

Fluid volume excess

Question 36

Name the edema: proteins are trapped inside fluid buildup causing discoloration.

Answer 36

Brawny edema

Question 37

How do you treat refractory edema (unmanageable)?

Answer 37

Aldactone

Question 38

What is it when increased capillary pressure forces fluid into surrounding tissue?

Answer 38

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 39

What conditions lead to a decreased colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 39

Liver disease, malnutrition, protein loss

Question 40

What conditions will increase capillary permeability?

Answer 40

Tissue damage, burns, distended bowel, sprain

Question 41

Name the disease: excessive ADH production (pituitary gland), loss of electrolytes but not water, fluid retention but low sodium.

Answer 41

SIADH

Question 42

Name the disease by signs/symptoms: FVE, crackles, decreased urine output, increased BP, aldosterone secretion suppressed.

Answer 42

SIADH

Question 43

What are the treatment options for SIADH?

Answer 43

Diuretics, hypertonic Iv, po fluid restrictions, declomycin ( blocks ADH in kidneys)

Question 44

Name the disease: decreased ADH causes the kidneys to NOT concentrate urine, dehydration, increase na in plasma/increase plasma osmolarity, decrease urine osmolarity.

Answer 44

Diabetes insipidus

Question 45

What is the difference between central DI and nephrogenic DI?

Answer 45

Central--ADH DEFICIENCY | nephrogenic-- ADH is produced but kidneys do not respond

Question 46

How do you treat central Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 46

Replacement ADH (vasopressin) low na diet, Diabense

Question 47

How do you treat nephrogenic DI?

Answer 47

Thiazides diuretics

Question 48

Why is potassium replacement needed for the postoperative patient?

Answer 48

Aldosterone kicks in and holds on to sodium and potassium is excreted.

Question 49

Why do patients undergo fluid challenges?

Answer 49

Force the kidneys to work

Question 50

What solution will a patient receive is their serum osmolarity is elevated?

Answer 50

Hypotonic (pulls water out of vessel into the cell)

Question 51

What is the best assessment finding to determine fluid balance imbalance?

Answer 51

Daily weight

Question 52

What are charged particles that help the body use energy?

Answer 52

Electrolyte

Question 53

What disease is too much water that dilutes the sodium in the body?

Answer 53

Hyponatremia

Question 54

Who is at most risk for hyponatremia?

Answer 54

Elderly, children, unconscious pt

Question 55

What is the most obvious sign of hyponatremia?

Answer 55

Neurological disorders

Question 56

Hypo or hyper- natremia? Confusion, dehydration, increased HR/BP, dry mm, hyperactive bs

Answer 56

Hyponatremia

Question 57

Name the disease: excessive na, triggers thirst, increase neurological activity (tremors and hyper reflexion)

Answer 57

Hypernatremia

Question 58

Hyper or hypo-natremia? Fluid volume excess, too much fluid/too much salt.

Answer 58

Hypernatremia

Question 59

What is the overproduction of aldosterone in the adrenal gland?

Answer 59

Cushings disease

Question 60

What is the under production of aldosterone in the adrenal gland?

Answer 60

Addison's disease

Question 61

Names the disease: S-skin flushed A- agitation L- low grade fever T- thirst

Answer 61

hypernatremia

Question 62

How do you treat hypernatremia?

Answer 62

1/2 NSS

Question 63

Where is potassium primarily excreted?

Answer 63

Kidneys

Question 64

What are the best sources of potassium?

Answer 64

Fruits and vegetables

Question 65

True or false: potassium helps transport glycogen into the cell.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

What mental disorder Dan cause hypokalemia?

Answer 66

Anorexia nervosa

Question 67

Name the disease: flat/inverted t waves, weak/thready pulse, weakness in legs

Answer 67

Hypokalemia

Question 68

Name the disease: slow HR, decrease BP, tall peaked 'T' waves, weakness, hyperactive gi, resp failure

Answer 68

Hyperkalemia

Question 69

How do u correct hyperkalemia?

Answer 69

Diuretics and D10 w/ insulin

Question 70

How do you correct cardiac arrhythmia with hyperkalemia ?

Answer 70

10% calcium gluconate

Question 71

What is the normal lab value for Calcium?

Answer 71

8.5-10.5

Question 72

What regulates calcium in the body?

Answer 72

Parathyroid

Question 73

What vitamin is needed to help with absorption of calcium?

Answer 73

Vitamin D

Question 74

Where do the serum levels of calcium come from primarily?

Answer 74

Gi absorption

Question 75

True or false: calcium contracts cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle. As well as, helps with blood clotting.

Answer 75

TRUE

Question 76

What form of calcium is calculated in lab values and is pro dominantly used?

Answer 76

Ionized

Question 77

How does pancreatitis cause hypocalcemia?

Answer 77

Lipase breaks down fat to fatty acid; fatty acid binds to protein

Question 78

What is steatorrhea?

Answer 78

Fat in feces

Question 79

Name the disease: tremor, seizure, involuntary muscle spasm, weakness hands/feet (w/Ca)

Answer 79

Hypocalcemia

Question 80

What is the best treatment for hypocalcemia?

Answer 80

Iv calcium gluconate, w/ d5w

Question 81

How is hypercalcemia different from other imbalances? (HR)

Answer 81

Increased HR and BP then decreased HR

Question 82

What is the normal lab value for phosphorus?

Answer 82

2.5-4.5

Question 83

Where is phosphorus regulated?

Answer 83

Parathyroid

Question 84

What chronic addicted disease is hypophosphatemia associated with?

Answer 84

Alcoholism

Question 85

What is the best treatment for hyperphoshatemia?

Answer 85

Increase calcium intake, diuretics

Question 86

What is the normal lab value for magnesium?

Answer 86

1.5-2.5

Question 87

Where is magnesium absorbed?

Answer 87

Small intestine

Question 88

What regulates magnesium?

Answer 88

Kidney and gi