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Nursing 205 > Cardiac 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

When is a palpated blood pressure used?

A

When the BP is too low to register

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1
Q

Range for normal blood pressure

A

Under 120/under 80

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2
Q

What range is pre-hypertension?

A

120-139/80-89

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3
Q

What is the range for hypertension?

A

> 140/90

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4
Q

What is the swish sound being heard because vessels are narrowed?

A

Bruits

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5
Q

What is the term for the volume pumped out of the heart?

A

Cardiac output

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6
Q

What is the term for the amount of each pump?

A

Stroke volume

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7
Q

Where can you locate the point of maximum impulse?

A

Mid collarbone-fifth intercostal-left ventricle

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8
Q

In what order do you listen to heart sounds? (Aptm)

A

Aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral

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9
Q

What is it called when the atrium pumps too fast and the ventricle pumps too slow?

A

A fib

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10
Q

What is the crunching sound that is usually a sign of inflammation or infection in the heart?

A

Pericardial friction rub

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11
Q

What sound will you hear with a s3 ventricular gallop?

A

ken-TUCK-e

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12
Q

What sound will you gear with a s4 atrial gallop?

A

ten-ah-SEE

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13
Q

What term is used for blood entering non-compliant chambers?

A

Diastolic filling sound

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14
Q

What is the name for a group of risk factors that develope into heart disease, DM, and stroke?

A

Metabolic syndrome

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15
Q

True or false: metabolic syndrome happens around the age of 60-70; happens over a lifetime.

A

True

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16
Q

Name the disease by symptoms: central obesity, elevated BP (long term), elevated lipid panel, insulin resistance.

A

Metabolic syndrome

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17
Q

What is the yellowish slightly raised plaque in the skin around the nasal portion or the eyelids?

A

Xanthelasma

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18
Q

What is the thinnish gray/white area at the corner of the cornea?

A

Arcus cornealis

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19
Q

What is the patchy velvety brown hyper pigmentation of the skin caused by elevated glucose?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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20
Q

What is another namer for coronary artery disease?

A

Arthlerosclerosis

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21
Q

What is the term for insufficient o2 to the myocardium?

A

Ischemia

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22
Q

What is the term for severe ischemia that is prolonged and irreversible that causes necrosis?

A

Infarction

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23
Q

What is the term given to extra blood vessels that are formed when a main vein is no longer functioning correctly over a matter of time?

A

Collateral circulation

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24
Q

What is another name for ischemia?

A

Angina pectoris

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25
Q

True or false: chest pain only occurs after 75% of the vessel is occluded.

A

True

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26
Q

What is the term given to chest pain that the pt knows with a certain amount of exertion and will go away with nitro and rest?

A

Stable angina

27
Q

What is the term for angina that comes sooner than the pt expects and rest/meds don’t work or more meds are needed and the pain stays longer?

A

Unstable angina

28
Q

Name the disease by signs/symptoms: squeezing/aching/heaviness, aching tooth/neck/jaw, aching back/arms, feeling of choking/gas, pale/sweaty skin

A

MI

29
Q

What does 80-90% heart deprived of o2, cocaine use, hypotension, shock, and arrhythmia cause?

A

MI

30
Q

What happens in the ischemic phase of an infarction?

A

Plaque causes clot-clot blocks o2-vessels open to get more area-acidosis

31
Q

What happens in the injury phase of an infarction?

A

Cardiac arrhythmia-nerves rescue heart-hr increase and BP increases-low cardiac output causes vasoconstriction and makes heart work harder

32
Q

What is the blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole, stroke volume, ventricles filling to max?

A

Preload

33
Q

What is the force the left ventricle has to work against to eject blood?

A

Afterload

34
Q

What 3 factors determine the severity if an MI?

A

Collateral circulation, how long they can function without o2, workload demand

35
Q

What infarction spreads thru all 3 layers if the heart?

A

Transmural

36
Q

How do you assess MI pain?

A

Where is pain, quality, radiation, severity, time

37
Q

What is the classic sign of a heart attacking which someone grabs their chest?

A

Levine sign

38
Q

What are atypical signs of an MI in women?

A

Sob, fatigue, anxiety, back pain, numbness/tingling

39
Q

What is the only marker specifically for cardiac heart muscle?

A

Troponin

40
Q

When is the onset and return to normal status of creatinine kinase?

A

Onset 4-6 hrs

Return 24-48 hrs

41
Q

What is the onset and return to regular level god troponin?

A

Onset 3-5 hrs

Return at least a week

42
Q

What does an abnormal Q wave below baseline mean?

A

Silent MI

43
Q

What does an elevated ST wave indicate?

A

Ischemia

44
Q

What does a heart echo show?

A

Visual Changes in valves/chambers, total stroke volume

45
Q

What does a transesophageal echo show?

A

Back of heart

46
Q

What is a stress test?

A

Pt exercises to see how the heart deals with exertion from exercise

47
Q

What is a non-stress test?

A

Pt can’t handle exercise. They are given medications to test heart function.

48
Q

What us the purpose of a cardiac catheter?

A

To look at the structure of the coronary artery to check for patentcy and it’s ability to pump.

49
Q

Why are you supposed to cough after a cardiac cath?

A

Expel dyes

50
Q

What is angio mesh angio seal used for?

A

Seals the vessel to close hole after procedure, apply pressure above site

51
Q

What are the 3 percutaneous coronary interventions?

A

Balloon catheter, stent, angioplasty

52
Q

What is the wire mesh that covers the balloon catheter, the mesh stats in place when the balloon is removed?

A

Stent

53
Q

What is the purpose is thrombolytic therapy?

A

Dissolve blood clots

54
Q

True or false: you will know that thrombolytic therapy worked if u see an ugly v tach on the EKG within 5-20 min of therapy

A

True

55
Q

What are the two anti-platelet agents (platelet aggrigation) meds used?

A

Plavix and 81mg aspirin

56
Q

What does nitroglycerine do?

A

Vasodilator, reduces stress on heart, redistributes blood flow

57
Q

How many nitro pills can u give and over what period of time?

A

Up to 3 times, every 5 mins if pain is still present

58
Q

What is the reason for caution with nitro and erectile dysfunction pills?

A

Decreases BP more quickly

59
Q

What medications decrease the size of the infarction and come in cardio selective and noncardioselective types?

A

Beta blockers

60
Q

What medications prevent ventricular remodeling? Prevents necrosis and fibrosis. Causes a dry cough.

A

Ace inhibitors

61
Q

What medications are used for chronic stable angina, example cozaar? No cough.

A

Arbs

62
Q

What medications are given for angina with dysrythmias? Med- cardizem

A

Calcium channel blocker

63
Q

What is Renexa used for?

A

Chronic angina only

64
Q

What are statins used for and what needs to be checked?

A

Decrease cholesterol and lipids, check blood sugar

65
Q

What are the actions of morphine?

A

Decrease catacholines, relax smooth muscle, decrease pain

66
Q

What is the first medication given during an MI?

A

Aspirin

Nursing 205 (4 decks)

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