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Nurs 224 > fluid and electrolytes > Flashcards

fluid and electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

electrolyte cations

A

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

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2
Q

electrolyte anions

A

chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate

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3
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

‘pushing pressure’; pressure exerted on the walls of blood vessels

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4
Q

osmotic pressure

A

‘pulling pressure’; pressure exerted by the protein in plasma

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5
Q

electrolytes when theres low osmolality

A

low Na, low RBC, low hematocrit

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6
Q

electrolytes when theres high osmolality

A

high Na, high RBC, high hematocrit

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7
Q

phosphate

A

formation of ATP; plays a role in muscle contraction and RBC function
- important relationship with calcium
- bone and teeth formation

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8
Q

phosphate is regulated by_______

A

parathyroid hormone

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9
Q

causes of hyperphosphatemia

A

can occur due to low calcium or renal failure

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10
Q

S&S of hyperphosphatemia

A

tetany, N/V

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11
Q

causes of hypophosphatemia

A

occur d/t alcohol disorder, severe burns, refeeding syndrome, people receiving TPN

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12
Q

S&S of hypophosphatemia

A

muscle weakness, paresthesia, lethargy, anorexia

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13
Q

calcium

A

deals with muscle contraction, clotting

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14
Q

serum calcium

A

measures what is not bound to bone

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15
Q

ionized calium

A

is whats used by the body for muscle contraction

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16
Q

causes of hypercalcemia

A

occurs d/t excess in diet, hypersecretion of PTH

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17
Q

S&S of hypercalcemia

A

flaccidity (can lead to cardiac arrest), constipation

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18
Q

hypercalcemia treatment

A

NS and Lasix

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19
Q

causes of hypocalcemia

A

lack of intake, lack of weight baring activity, hypothyroidism

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20
Q

S&S of hypocalcemia

A

tetany, spasms, cognitive dysfunction

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21
Q

trousseau’s sign

A

20 above systolic BP

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22
Q

magnesium

A

regulates cardiovascular system through vasodilation which causes a decrease in BP and CO

23
Q

causes of hypermagnesemia

A

decreased intake and renal failure

24
Q

S&S of hypermagnesemia

A

excessive muscle relaxation, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrest

25
Q

causes of hypomagnesemia

A

alcoholism, GI losses, exacerbation of atrial fibrilation

26
Q

S&S of hypomagnesemia

A

tachycardia, tremors, seizures,

27
Q

sodium

A

directs water movement, generates action potentials

28
Q

causes of hypernatremia

A

lack of fluids or excessive sodium intake

29
Q

S&S of hypernatremia

A

restless, hallucinations, thirst, muscle twitching, dry mucous membranes, hyperactive CNS

30
Q

hypernatremia treatment

A

D5W
- isotonic in bag but will become hypotonic in body which will rehydrate cells

31
Q

causes of hyponatremia

A

SIADH, loop diuretics

32
Q

S&S of hyponatremia

A

confusion, seizures, N/V, headache, fatigue

33
Q

critical hyponatremia

A

levels less than 120; can cause permanent brain damage if treated too quickly

34
Q

critical hyponatremia treatment

A

3% hypertonic saline, salt pills

35
Q

potassium

A

opposite of magnesium; promotes skeletal muscle function and maintain nerve conduction in the heart

36
Q

causes of hyperkalemia

A

decreased excretion, high intake

37
Q

S&S of hyperkalemia

A

peaked T waves, muscle twitching and cramping, weakness

38
Q

causes of hypokalemia

A

GI loss, poor intake

39
Q

S&S of hypokalemia

A

flattened T wave, muscle weakness, numbness, bradycardia, lightheaded

40
Q

hyperkalemia treatment

A

calcium chloride, insulin IV followed by dextrose, kayexalate

41
Q

hypokalemia treatment

A

bananas, potassium sparing diuretics,

42
Q

ammonia

A

converted by the liver into urea which is excreted by the kidneys

43
Q

liver failure

A

increase in toxic levels of ammonia and decrease in BUN

44
Q

low osmolarity

A

hyponatremia

45
Q

high osmolarity

A

hypernatremia

46
Q

8 year old with gastroenteritis causing diarrhea and vomiting is an imbalance where ______

A

output is greater than intake
- deficit

47
Q

8 year old with gastroenteritis causing diarrhea and vomiting is an imbalance where ______

A

output is greater than intake
- deficit

48
Q

23 year old hospitalized cancer patient not eating d/t chronic nausea is an imbalance where _________

A

intake is less than output
- deficit

49
Q

3 main consequences of imbalances

A

impaired perfusion and O2, impaired cerebral function, impaired neuromuscular function

50
Q

newborn water composition

A

80%

51
Q

1 year old water composition

A

75%

52
Q

adult water composition

A

60%

53
Q

nursing management

A

promote rest, avoid sodium, I/O, daily weights

54
Q

D5W

A

hypotonic in body and isotonic in bag

Nurs 224 (14 decks)

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