acid/base balance Flashcards
pH measurement
measured through concentration of H+
Acid pH measurement tool
H+, CO2
Base pH measurement tool
HCO3-
respiratory buffer
CO2
metabolic buffer
H+ and HCO3-
mechanism if someone is acidotic will be _________ to bring pH back to normal
blow off CO2 through hyperventilation
mechanism if someone is alkalotic will be ________ to bring pH back to normal
slowed breathing rate to retain CO2
lactate, pyruvic, citric
metabolic acids
low CO2
alkalotic
high CO2
acidotic
respiratory acidosis
high CO2, low pH
respiratory alkalosis
low CO2, high pH
metabolic acidosis
low HCO3, low pH
metabolic alkalosis
high HCO3, high pH
compensation for respiratory acidosis
get rid of CO2 by increased respirations
compensation for respiratory alkalosis
retain CO2 through decreased respirations
compensation for metabolic acidosis
kidneys will retain HCO3
compensation for metabolic alkalosis
kidneys will excrete HCO3
uncompensated
body has not had time to react and has made no attempt to correct the imbalance
partially compensated
body is attempting to correct the imbalance and blood pH will remain abnormal
fully compensated
body is correcting the imbalance and blood pH will return to normal
- other values will not until cause is treated
chemical cause and correction for respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
- correct with hyperventilation
renal compensation for respiratory acidosis
increased secretion of H+ and increased retention of HCO3
chemical cause and correction for respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
- correction is hypoventilation
renal compensation for respiratory alkalosis
decreased secretion of H+ and increased secretion of HCO3
chemical cause and correction for metabolic acidosis
too little HCO3
- correction is increased secretion of H+ and increased retention of HCO3
respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis
hyperventilation
chemical cause and correction for metabolic alkalosis
too much HCO3
- correction is decreased secretion of H+ and increased secretion of HCO3
respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis
hypoventilation
acidosis and potassium
risk for hyperkalemia
alkalosis and potassium
risk for hypokalemia
excessive production or intake of acid puts a person at risk for_______
metabolic acidosis
altered acid buffering puts a person at risk for ________
metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
altered acid excretion puts a person at risk for ________
respiratory acidosis or alkalosis
abnormal shift of hydrogen ions into the cell puts a person at risk for ______
metabolic alkalosis
body system cause of metabolic acidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis, thyroid storm, ASA overdose, diarrhea
body system cause of metabolic alkalosis
antacids, massive blood transfusion, diuretics, vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, too much cortisol
S&S of metabolic acidosis
kussmaul respirations, confusion, drowsy, decreased BP, muscle twitching
S&S of metabolic alkalosis
irritable, anxious, seizures, tachycardic
body system cause of respiratory acidosis
asthma, COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, guillain barre syndrome, CNS depression, acute airway obstruction, obstructive sleep apnea
body system cause of respiratory alkalosis
anxiety, pain, MI, PE, progesterone use, epinephrine use, high altitude
S&S of respiratory acidosis
drowsy, weak, hypoxic, decreased BP, rapid and shallow respirations, pallor
S&S of respiratory alkalosis
hyper reflex/muscle cramping, seizures, increased anxiety and irritability, tachycardic, normal or decreased BP
if pH and CO2 are going in opposite directions
its respiratory
if pH and HCO3 are going in the same direction its metabolic
its metabolic
if CO2 is high it is considered to be ____
acidic
