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Nurs 224 > acid/base balance > Flashcards

acid/base balance Flashcards

1
Q

pH measurement

A

measured through concentration of H+

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2
Q

Acid pH measurement tool

A

H+, CO2

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3
Q

Base pH measurement tool

A

HCO3-

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4
Q

respiratory buffer

A

CO2

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5
Q

metabolic buffer

A

H+ and HCO3-

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6
Q

mechanism if someone is acidotic will be _________ to bring pH back to normal

A

blow off CO2 through hyperventilation

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7
Q

mechanism if someone is alkalotic will be ________ to bring pH back to normal

A

slowed breathing rate to retain CO2

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8
Q

lactate, pyruvic, citric

A

metabolic acids

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9
Q

low CO2

A

alkalotic

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10
Q

high CO2

A

acidotic

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11
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

high CO2, low pH

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12
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

low CO2, high pH

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13
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

low HCO3, low pH

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14
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A

high HCO3, high pH

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15
Q

compensation for respiratory acidosis

A

get rid of CO2 by increased respirations

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16
Q

compensation for respiratory alkalosis

A

retain CO2 through decreased respirations

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17
Q

compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

kidneys will retain HCO3

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18
Q

compensation for metabolic alkalosis

A

kidneys will excrete HCO3

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19
Q

uncompensated

A

body has not had time to react and has made no attempt to correct the imbalance

20
Q

partially compensated

A

body is attempting to correct the imbalance and blood pH will remain abnormal

21
Q

fully compensated

A

body is correcting the imbalance and blood pH will return to normal
- other values will not until cause is treated

22
Q

chemical cause and correction for respiratory acidosis

A

hypoventilation
- correct with hyperventilation

23
Q

renal compensation for respiratory acidosis

A

increased secretion of H+ and increased retention of HCO3

24
Q

chemical cause and correction for respiratory alkalosis

A

hyperventilation
- correction is hypoventilation

25
Q

renal compensation for respiratory alkalosis

A

decreased secretion of H+ and increased secretion of HCO3

26
Q

chemical cause and correction for metabolic acidosis

A

too little HCO3
- correction is increased secretion of H+ and increased retention of HCO3

27
Q

respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

hyperventilation

28
Q

chemical cause and correction for metabolic alkalosis

A

too much HCO3
- correction is decreased secretion of H+ and increased secretion of HCO3

29
Q

respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis

A

hypoventilation

30
Q

acidosis and potassium

A

risk for hyperkalemia

31
Q

alkalosis and potassium

A

risk for hypokalemia

32
Q

excessive production or intake of acid puts a person at risk for_______

A

metabolic acidosis

33
Q

altered acid buffering puts a person at risk for ________

A

metabolic acidosis or alkalosis

34
Q

altered acid excretion puts a person at risk for ________

A

respiratory acidosis or alkalosis

35
Q

abnormal shift of hydrogen ions into the cell puts a person at risk for ______

A

metabolic alkalosis

36
Q

body system cause of metabolic acidosis

A

diabetic ketoacidosis, thyroid storm, ASA overdose, diarrhea

37
Q

body system cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

antacids, massive blood transfusion, diuretics, vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, too much cortisol

38
Q

S&S of metabolic acidosis

A

kussmaul respirations, confusion, drowsy, decreased BP, muscle twitching

39
Q

S&S of metabolic alkalosis

A

irritable, anxious, seizures, tachycardic

40
Q

body system cause of respiratory acidosis

A

asthma, COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, guillain barre syndrome, CNS depression, acute airway obstruction, obstructive sleep apnea

41
Q

body system cause of respiratory alkalosis

A

anxiety, pain, MI, PE, progesterone use, epinephrine use, high altitude

42
Q

S&S of respiratory acidosis

A

drowsy, weak, hypoxic, decreased BP, rapid and shallow respirations, pallor

43
Q

S&S of respiratory alkalosis

A

hyper reflex/muscle cramping, seizures, increased anxiety and irritability, tachycardic, normal or decreased BP

44
Q

if pH and CO2 are going in opposite directions

A

its respiratory

45
Q

if pH and HCO3 are going in the same direction its metabolic

A

its metabolic

46
Q

if CO2 is high it is considered to be ____

A

acidic

Nurs 224 (14 decks)

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