fluid and electrolytes

Question 1

Blood urea nitrogen

Answer 1

8-21

Question 2

Blood urea nitrogen measures

Answer 2

by products of protein breakdown in the liver-food sources

Question 3

Elevated blood urea nitrogen

Answer 3

fluid volume deficit or dehydration

Question 4

Decrease in BUN can be caused by

Answer 4

SIADH, liver failure, malnutrion

Question 5

Serum creatinine

Answer 5

0.5-1.2

Question 6

Serum creatinine measures

Answer 6

when muscles and other proteins are broken down

Question 7

Elevated creatinine levels

Answer 7

kidney impairment/ kidney dieases

Question 8

Decreased creatinine levels

Answer 8

decreased muscle mass/muscle wasting

Question 9

BUN to creatinine ratio

Answer 9

10:1 to 20:1

Question 10

Run rises more rapidly than creatinine so ratio is increased

Answer 10

deficient blood voume/low cardia output

Question 11

Both BUN and creatinine rise at the same rate

Answer 11

kidney dysfuntion

Question 12

Bun drops more rapidly than creatinine so ratio is decreased

Answer 12

fluid volume excess

Question 13

Specific gravity

Answer 13

1.005-1.030

Question 14

Measures dissolved chemicals in urine and reflects kidneys ability to concentrate urine

Answer 14

specific gravity

Question 15

Increased specific gravity=concentrated urine

Answer 15

decreased renal perfusion, dehydration, siadh

Question 16

Decreased specific gravity=dilute urine

Answer 16

diuretic use, diabetes insipidus, increased fluid intake

Question 17

Sodium

Answer 17

135-145

Question 18

95% located in extracellular fluid

Answer 18

sodium

Question 19

Maintains normal skeletal muscle contraction, normal cardiac muscle contraction, and nerve impulses

Answer 19

sodium

Question 20

<135

Answer 20

Hyponatremia- bring on the salt

Question 21

Common cause of hyponatremia

Answer 21

overuse of loop and thiazide diuretics

Question 22

> 145

Answer 22

Hypernatremia- hold the salt

Question 23

97-107

Answer 23

Chloride

Question 24

Imbalance occurs as a result of other electrolyte imbalance

Answer 24

Chloride

Question 25

Hypo chloride

Answer 25

loss of volume

Question 26

Hype chloride

Answer 26

hypernatremia

Question 27

Treat underlying electrolyte imbalance or acid base problem- 0.45% sodium chloride for fluid repalcement

Answer 27

Chloride

Question 28

3.5-5

Answer 28

Potassium

Question 29

98% intracellular and controlled by sodium/potassium pumps

Answer 29

potassium

Question 30

<3.5

Answer 30

Hypokalemia

Question 31

> 5.0

Answer 31

Hyperkalemia

Question 32

Calcium

Answer 32

9-10.5

Question 33

Phosphorus

Answer 33

3-4.5

Question 34

Magnesium

Answer 34

1.6-2.6