Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

Sodium

Answer 1

Promotes water retention

Question 2

Serum Albumin

Answer 2

Promotes water reabsorption from the interstitial spaces back into the vascular spaces

Question 3

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 3

ADH is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to low blood pressure and increased osmolality. It promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 4

Aldosterone

Answer 4

Secreted from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 5

Renin

Answer 5

In response to decreased renal blood flow, the kidneys release renin to promote vasconstriction as well as the release of aldosterone

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

Solute molecules move from high to low concentration

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

Solvent molecules move from low to high solute concentration

Question 8

0.9% Normal Saline (NaCL)

Answer 8

Isotonic

Increases circulating plasma

Helpful for Na+ replacement

Question 9

0.45% NaCl

Answer 9

Hypotonic

Raises total fluid volume

Helpful for establishing

Question 10

Lactated Ringers

Answer 10

Isotonic

Replaces fluid and buffers pH

Normal saline with K+ Ca+ and lactate

Question 11

D5W

Answer 11

Isotonic (in bag)
Hypotonic

Raises total fluid volume

Question 12

D5NS

Answer 12

Hypertonic

Replaces flid, sodum, chloride and calories

Question 13

Dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline

Answer 13

Hypertonic

Useful for daily maintenace of body fluids and nutrition for rehydration

Question 14

D5LR

Answer 14

Hypertonic