Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

APA/Foundations 1 > fluid and blood therapy 1 > Flashcards

fluid and blood therapy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the body is made up of __ % water

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

intracellular volume makes up __% of total body weight

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

extracellular volume makes up __% of total body weight

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the interstitial fluid volume is part of the ___ fluid compartment

A

extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

interstitial fluid volume makes up __% of ECV, while plasma volume makes up __% of ECV

A

75, 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TBW is __ % of a man’s weight

A

55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TBW is __ % of a woman’s weight

A

45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TBW is __ % of a infants weight

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

obese individuals have __ TBW per weight than non-obese

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which three electrolytes are in the intracellular fluid compartment

A

potassium, phosphate, mag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sodium-potassium pump maintains the high concentration of __ in the ___

A

K in the ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does NA +K +ATPase pump work

A

3NA+ for 2K and 1 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ATP pump maintains high potassium __ the cell, and high sodium __ the cell

A

inside, outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

there is a high concentration of what two things extracellular

A

NA(cation) and Cl (anion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____vascular we have a high concentration of albumin which creates osmotic pressure to hold fluids in this space

A

intra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

normal Ca++

A

5

4.5-5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

normal Mg+

A

3

1.5-2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

normal Cl-

A

103

95-107

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal bicarb-

A

27

20-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

osmolarity

A

the number os osmoses of a solute in a liter of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

osmolality

A

the number of osmoses of a solute in a KILOGRAM of solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how to change the osmolality?

A

change the solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

isotonic solutions are approx ___ mOsm/L

A

285

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hypovolemia is ___ but dehydration is a ____

A

fluid loss, concentration disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF

A

Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients

A

hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

SIADH causes ____natremia

A

hypo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

diuretics cause __natremia

A

hypo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

adrenal insufficiency causes ___ natremia

A

hypo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

vom and diarrhea causes ___ natremia

A

hypo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

biggest risk of hyponatremia

A

cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how to treat hyponatremia

A

hypertonic saline and an osmotic or loop diuretic

33
Q

Na should be corrected at what rate

A

no more than 1-2mEq/L per hr

34
Q

inadequate intake causes

A

hypernatremia

35
Q

Diabetes insipidus causes

A

hypernatremia

36
Q

normal K

37
Q

most common electrolyte abnormality encountered during clinical practice

A

hypokalemia

38
Q

Gi losses causes ___kalemia

39
Q

systemic alkalosis causes ___kalemia

40
Q

DKA causes ___kalemia

41
Q

diuretic therapy causes ___kalemia

42
Q

SNS stimulation causes ___kalemia

43
Q

poor dietary intake causes ___kalemia

44
Q

serum K <2.5 will manifest as

A

paresthesias, depressesed tendon reflexes, , fasciculation’s, muscle weakness

45
Q

EKG changes with hypokalemia

A

ST- depression, U wave, flattened or inverted T-waves, ventricular ectopy

46
Q

hypokalemia has an increased risk of myocardial irritability

47
Q

rate for K replacement

A

10-20 mEq/ hr

48
Q

potassium sparing diuretics causes ___kalemia

49
Q

metabolic or resp acidosis causes ____kalemia

50
Q

dig tox causes ___kalemmia

51
Q

insulin deficiency causes ___kalemia

52
Q

tissue and muscle damage after burns causes ___ kalemia

53
Q

succinylcholine causes ___ kalemia

54
Q

succs increases K by

A

.5.. even more in burn patients

55
Q

EKG changes and hyperkalemia

A

tall, peaked, and elevated T waves. widened QRS, prolonged PR. flattened or absent P wave, ST depression, cardiac arrest

56
Q

ace inhibitors, arbs, and BB cause ___ kalemia

57
Q

tx for hyperkalemia to shift K into the cells

A

insulin and glucose

58
Q

give IV ___ to antagonize cardiac effects of hyperkalemaia

59
Q

upper limit for K for elective procedures

60
Q

hypomag is a serum mag less than

61
Q

Hypomag is caused by

A

inadequate dietary intake, TPN without supplementation, starvation, GI losses, chronic ETOH

62
Q

EKG changes hypomag

A

flat T waves, U waves, prolonged QT, widened QRS, PACs/PVCs

63
Q

low mag has an ____ effect on the ATP pump which alters the resting membrane potential

A

inhibitory

64
Q

IV mag dose

A

1-2g over 5min. followed by continuous Invasion 1-2g/hr.

65
Q

hyper mag is level greater than

66
Q

how to treat hypermg, give

67
Q

wht is the second messenger that couples cell membrane receptors to cellular responses

68
Q

Mg ___ resting membrane potentials, CA ___ it.

A

decreases. increases

69
Q

hypocalcemia is caused by

A

hypoparathyroidism, malignancy, chronic renal insufficiency

70
Q

s/s of hypocalcemia neuromuscular

A

neurmusclar irritability - cramps, weakness, chvostek, trousseau, sz, numbness, tingling

71
Q

s/s of hypocalc CV

A

dysrhythmias, prolonged QT, T wave inversion, hypotension, decreased myocardial contractility

72
Q

s/s of hypocalc pulm

A

layngospasm, bronchospasm, hypovent.

73
Q

advantage of calcium chloride vs calcium gluconate

A

calcium chloride is more bioavailable and more rapid correctoin

74
Q

for every gram of calcium chloride, youd need to give how many grams of calc glu

75
Q

causes of hypercalcemia

A

hyperparathyroidism (>50% cause), tumors/malignancy, calcium mobilization from bone d/t immobility

76
Q

s/s of hypercalc cv

A

hypertension, heart block, shortened QT, dysrhythmias

77
Q

s/s of hypercalc neuromuscular

A

muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, sedation

78
Q

tx of hypercalcemia

A

underlying cause, volume expansion with NS, loop diuretics to enhance renal excretion of Ca

APA/Foundations 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions