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EXCI 351 Final Exam > Fluid > Flashcards

Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of forces that are exerted on objects by a fluid environment?

A
  • Buoyant force
  • Dynamic force
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2
Q

What is buoyant force due to?

A

Due to immersion

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3
Q

What is Dynamic force due to?

A

Due to relative motion in fluid

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4
Q

Define buoyant force

A

A vertical, upward directed force acting upon an object that is submerged or partially submerged in a fluid

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5
Q

What does Archimedes’ principle state

A

A body submerged in a fluid will be buoyed up by a force that is equal in magnitude to the weight of the displaced water

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6
Q

What are the two points of Pascal’s Law?

A
  1. All points of a submerged body at a given depth, will experience the same pressure
  2. Pressure increases in large increments with relatively small changes in depth
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7
Q

What is the buoyant force in terms of net force?

A

The net force arising from the differences in fluid pressure is the buoyant force

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8
Q

What happens if the object does not weigh enough to balance the difference between the upward or downward forces?

A

It will be accelerated upward, and the object is positively buoyant

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9
Q

If the weight of the object is greater than the weight of the water it displaces what will occur?

A

It will accelerate downward, and the object is negatively buoyant

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10
Q

If the object has the same weight as the displaced water what would happen?

A

It will have no tendency to either float or sink. This object is said to be neutrally buoyant

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11
Q

What are the two considerations that Archimedes’ Principle is based on?

A
  • Weight of the object
  • Amount of water it displaces
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12
Q

Define specific gravity

A

The ratio of the density of a given substance to the density of water

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13
Q

What is a secondary way to define specific gravity

A

Ratio of the weight of an object to the weight of an equal volume of water

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14
Q

Define center of mass

A

The location on the body where the cardinal planes pass through and gravitational pull is found

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15
Q

What percentage of standing height does COG vary between in humans?

A

53%-59%

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16
Q

Why does standing height vary?

A

Because humans are not of uniform mass or mass distribution

17
Q

Define center of buoyancy

A

The center of gravity of the displaced volume of water, equal in shape and volume of the submerged object that is displaced

18
Q

If an object is of relatively uniform density what happens to its COG and COB?

A

They will have the same location

19
Q

In humans where is the COB located in relation to the COG and why?

A

It is located superiorly to the center of gravity because the density of the human body is not consistent, and the water displaced by the body does have a consistent density

20
Q

In a floating position, which way will the line of action be?

A

The line of action of gravitational force through the COG will be vertically downward

21
Q

In a floating position, how will the line of action of buoyant force through the COG be positioned

A

Vertically upward

22
Q

What does dynamic fluid force act on

A

On a system that is moving through a fluid

23
Q

What are the two components that a fluid force vector can be resolved into?

A
  • Perpendicular component: lift
  • Parallel component: drag
24
Q

Define drag force

A

The parallel component of dynamic fluid force that acts in the opposite direction of system motion with respect to the fluid

25
Q

What does drag force tend to resist?

A

Motion of the system through the fluid

26
Q

Define surface drag

A

The result of friction between the surface of the body and the fluid through which it is moving

27
Q

What is form drag due to

A

Due to a relatively higher pressure on the leading edge of the object compared to its trailing edge

28
Q

Define lift force

A

The perpendicular component of dynamic fluid force that acts in any direction that is perpendicular to the system motion with respect to the fluid

29
Q

What does lift tend to change?

A

The direction of system motion

30
Q

What is the difference in forces exerted by molecules on lower and upper surfaces?

A

The lift force generated

31
Q

More particles under the object = _____

A

upward lift

32
Q

More particles above the object = ______

A

Downward lift

33
Q

What is magnus force?

A

Lift force caused by rotation

EXCI 351 Final Exam (8 decks)

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