Flu

Question 1

What are the symptoms of classical ‘Flu?

Answer 1

Fever; high and abrupt onset (up to 40 degrees C)
Malaise
Myalgia
Headache
Cough - initially dry & painful -> productive & painless

Question 2

Which viruses causes classical flu?

Answer 2

Influenza A and influenza B

Question 3

Which viruses cause ‘flu-like’ illnesses?

Answer 3

Parainfluenza virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 4

How is ‘flu transmitted?

Answer 4

By droplets or direct contact with the resp secretions of an infected person

Question 5

What are the main complications of ‘flu?

Answer 5

Primary influenzal pneumonia
Secondary bacterial pneumonia
Bronchitis
Otitis media

Question 6

What type of pneumonia is the secondary bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 6

Bronchopneumonia (starts in airways and spreads to adjacent lung)

Question 7

What is Otitis media?

Answer 7

Middle ear infection - may be initial flu presentation in children.

Question 8

What is the therapy for ‘flu?

Answer 8

Symptomatic - bed rest, fluids, paracetamol

Antivirals - oseltanivir or zanamivir

Question 9

Which virus is the cause of all ‘flu pandemics?

Answer 9

Influenza A virus

Question 10

How is flu confirmed in the lab?

Answer 10

PCR and antibody detection

nasopharyngeal or throat swabs for PCR