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Botany Lec Finals > FLOWERS, FRUITS, AND SEEDS > Flashcards

FLOWERS, FRUITS, AND SEEDS Flashcards

1
Q

This is caused by inhalation of the pollen grains of certain wind pollinated plants, that is, plants that rely on wind to transfer their pollen grains from one flower to another.

A

Hay Fever / Allergic Rhinitis

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2
Q

When inhaled, the pollen grains stimulate the body to release
________ and other substances, which cause inflammation and other symptoms of allergy.

A

histamine

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3
Q

__________ must produce vast amounts of tiny pollen
grains to ensure that at least some of them will land on flowers of the same species and result in successful reproduction.

A

Wind-pollinated plants

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4
Q

Not all pollen grains of wind-pollinated plants cause allergic reactions, however. ______, for example, are wind pollinated, yet allergies to their pollen are rare.

A

Pine

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5
Q

Antibodies are released to combat the misidentified “threat” of pollens. These antibodies produced bind to two types of cells in tissue which are the ______ and _______.

A

Mast cells, basophils

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6
Q

antihistamines for hay fever

A

Cetirizine and Loratadine

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7
Q

It is commonly used in eye drop solutions that prevents hay fever symptoms by stabilizing mast cells, and preventing them from releasing histamine

A

Sodium cromoglycate

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8
Q

It prevents the inflammatory symptoms of hay fever more effectively than antihistamines, and at the same time relieve itchy eyes. They act to reduce rather than directly blocking or preventing the action of histamine

A

Corticosteroids

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9
Q

An example of a corticosteroid

A

Beclometasone

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10
Q

The biological function of flowers, however, is _________

A

sexual reproduction

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11
Q

One reason for the success of flowering plants or angiosperms

A

they reproduce both sexually and asexually

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12
Q

Sexual reproduction entails the FUSION of reproductive cells,
collectively called ________.

A

gametes

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13
Q

The union of gametes, which is called _________, occurs within the flower’s ______.

A

fertilization, ovary

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14
Q

does not involve the formation of flowers,
seeds and fruits.

A

Asexual reproduction

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15
Q

It is a reproductive shoot usually consisting of four kinds of organs

A

Flower

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16
Q

Four kinds of organs of a flower

A

sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

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17
Q

the end of a flower stalk is also called as

A

peduncle

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18
Q

cluster of flowers is known as

A

inflorescence

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19
Q

organs of a flower that participate directly in sexual reproduction

A

stamens and carpels

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20
Q

organs of a flower that are sterile.

A

sepals and petals

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21
Q

types of flowers

A

complete flower, incomplete flower, perfect flower, imperfect flower

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22
Q

a flower that has all four parts (sepals, petals,
stamens and carpels)

A

complete

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23
Q

a flower that lacks one or more of the four parts

A

incomplete

24
Q

a flower that has both stamens and carpels

A

perfect

25
Q

a flower that has either stamens or carpels, not both

A

imperfect

26
Q

types of inflorescences with example

A

head (sunflower)
umbel (water pennyworth)
raceme (fireweed)
spike (elephant heads)
panicle (false spikenard)
corymb (common tansy)

27
Q

It constitutes the outermost and lowest whorl on a floral shoot, are leaflike in shape and form and are often green.

A

sepals

28
Q

Cover and protect the flower parts when the flower is a bud.

A

sepals

29
Q

is the collective term for all the sepals of a flower.

A

calyx

30
Q

are whorls just inside and above the sepals which are broad, flat and thin, like sepals and leaves but tremendously varied in shape and frequently brightly colored, which attracts pollinators.

A

petals

31
Q

is the collective term for all petals

A

corolla

32
Q

Play an important role in ensuring that sexual reproduction occur.

A

petals

33
Q

are inside and above the petals

A

stamens

34
Q

is thin stalk found in the stamen

A

filament

35
Q

are found on top of the filament

A

anther

36
Q

are saclike structure

A

pollen grains

37
Q

in the center or top of most flowers that
bear ovules

A

carpels

38
Q

Carpels consist of three sections

A

Stigma, style, and ovary

39
Q

is where pollen grains land

A

stigma

40
Q

is a necklike structure through which the pollen tube grows

A

style

41
Q

is a jug like structure that contains one or more ovules and can be develop into a fruit

A

ovary

42
Q

a single carpel or a group of fused carpels

A

pistil

43
Q

single carpel is called ________

A

simple pistil

44
Q

group of fused carpels is called

A

compound pistil

45
Q

This character is used a great deal in the classification of flowering plants.

A

ovary

46
Q

It has the other floral organs like sepals, petals and stamens, free from the ovary and attached at the ovary’s base

A

superior ovary

47
Q

is located below the point at which the other floral organs are attached

A

inferior ovary

48
Q

are structures of ovaries that have the potential to develop into seeds

A

ovules

49
Q

Each ovule contains a female gametophyte, also known as an _________, in which develop one female gamete (egg) and two polar nuclei

A

embryo sac

50
Q

It is an agent of pollination for certain flowers

A

wind

51
Q

transfers pollen grains in a few aquatic flowers

A

water

52
Q

occurs when pollen grains are transferred to a
flower on another individual of the same species

A

cross pollination

53
Q

if pollination occurs within the same flower or within a different flower on the same individual plant

A

self-pollination

54
Q

This is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma

A

pollination

55
Q

is generally undesirable because it can increase the concentration of harmful genes in the offspring

A

inbreeding

56
Q

________________ which is more common in wild species than in cultivated plants, ensures that reproduction occurs only if the pollen grains come from a genetically different individual.

A

self-incompatibility

57
Q

_________ describes such reciprocal adaptation, in which two species interact so closely that they become increasingly adapted to each other as each undergoes evolutionary change by natural selection.

A

coevolution

Botany Lec Finals (3 decks)

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