flowers and pollination Flashcards
sexual vs asexual reproduction
oki.
structure of flowers
pedicel
receptacle
appendages
types of appendages
perianths
stamens
carpels
flower stalk
pedicle
holds the flower part
receptacle
sepals + petals
perianths
male part
stamens
female part
carpels
parts of perianths
sepals (calyx)
petals (corolla)
protects flowers when in bud
sepals
attracts pollinating insects
petals
parts of the stamen
anther
filament
lobes containing pollen sacs
anther
stalk that holds the anther
filament
parts of carpel
stigma
style
ovary
receives the pollen
stigma
supports the stigma
style
contains ovules that store the female gametes
ovary
classification of flowers
complete
incomplete
perfect
imperfect
possess all 3 appendages
complete
lack one or more appendages
incomplete
possess both stamen and carpel
perfect
possess either stamen or carpel but not both
imperfect
holds the ovary
hypanthium or floral cup
ovary positions
hypogenous
perigenous
epigenous
superior ovary
hypogenous
hypanthium surrounds the ovary
perigenous
inferior ovary
epigenous
they are located inside the ovary
ovules
attaches the ovaries to the ovule
funiculus
structures of the ovules
integuments nucellus embryo sac micropylar end chalazal ends synergids
opening that allows pollen to enter the ovule
micropylar ends
opposite of micropylar end where nucleus is joined by integuments
chalazal ends
produce signals that guides the pollen
synergids
protective layer surrounding the ovule
integuments
inner structure of theyro ovule. develops into endosperm
nucellus
produces the egg cells for fertilization
embryo sac
transfer of pollen grains from another to stigma
pollination
same flower or another flower of the same plant
self-pollination
flowers from different plants
cross-pollination
kinds of pollination
self-pollination
cross-pollination
wind pollination
animal pollination
contains microgametophytes of seed plants
pollen grains
produces male gametes
microgametophytes
also known as zyngamy
fertilization
fusion of gametes
fertilization
they are groups of flowers that may all open at the same time and will follow an orderly progression to maturation
inflorescense
structure of seeds
embryo
endosperm
seed coat
parts of embryo
radicle
cotelydon
epicotyl/plumule
hypocotyl
an immature plant from which a new plant will grow
embryo
embryonic root
radicle
seed leaf
cotelyedon
shoot apex above the attachment of cotelydon
epicotyl/plumule
connects the radicle to cotelyedon
hypocotyl
nutritive tissue that feeds the embryo
endosperm
outer covering of the seed
seed coat
resumption of the growth of a seed or a spore
germination
factors of germination
viable
dormancy
water and oxygen
light or its absence
epigeal vs hypogeal germination
k.
types of fruits
simple
compound
developed from a single carpel or fused ovaries of one flower
simple fruits
kinds of compound fruits
aggregate
multiple
types of simple fruits
fleshy
dry
kinds of fleshy fruits
berry pome hesperidium drupe pepo
all layers are soft
berry
leathery and papery endocarp
pome
leathery exocarp
hesperidium
hard endocarp
drupe or stone fruit
exocarp is a hard rind
pepo
split opens along sutures
dehiscent
do not split open
indehiscent
types of dry simple fruits
dehiscent indehiscent
kinds od dehiscent
follicle legume silique schizocarp capsule
split opens along one sutures
follicle
split open along two sutures
legume
characteristics of Brassicaceae family
silique
compound ovaries break into individual carpels
schizocarp
split open along multiple sutures
capsule
split open along the lines of fusion
hyperium
split open between the lines of fusion
iris
splits into top and bottom half
primerose
split open by opening by small pores
poppy
kinds of dry indehiscent fruits
caryopsis
achene
samara
nut
simple and small containing only one seed.
seed coat is fused to the fruit wall
caryopsis
seed and fruit remain distinct.
fruit wall is thin and papery
achene
one-seeded fruit with wing like outgrowths of the ovary
samara
develops from a compound pistil.
pericarp is hard at maturity
nut
devdeloped from a single flower with different carpels
aggregate
developed from carpels of many flowers that grows close on a common floral stalk
multiple