basic plant parts Flashcards
1
Q
absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
A
roots
2
Q
storage for food for plants
A
roots
3
Q
absorb, storage, anchor and produce hormones
A
roots
4
Q
elongation in response to stimuli
A
auxins
5
Q
apical dominance
A
auxins
6
Q
seed germination
A
gibberellins
7
Q
stem elongation
A
gibberellins
8
Q
cell division
A
cytokinin
9
Q
ensure same growth rate for roots and shoots
A
cytokinin
10
Q
growth of fruits and secondary growth
A
cytokinin
11
Q
maturity and aging
A
ethylene
12
Q
ripening of products
A
ethylene
13
Q
inhibits cell division
A
Abscisic Acid
14
Q
death of leaves
A
Abscisic Acid
15
Q
clsosing of stomata
A
Abscisic Acid
16
Q
plant hormones
A
auxin gibberellins cytokinin ethylene abscisic acid
17
Q
types of root systems
A
taproot system
fibrous root system
18
Q
root growth of Dicots and gymnosperms
A
taproot system
19
Q
has a large main root
A
taproot system
20
Q
penetrates deep into the soil
A
taproot system
21
Q
primary root remains
A
taproot system
22
Q
stores food and develops from a radicle
A
taproot system
23
Q
root growths of monocots
A
fibrous root system
24
Q
no large main root and does not penetrate deeply into the soil
A
fibrous root system
25
primary root does not remain and cannot store food
fibrous root system
26
it develops from the stem
fibrous root system
27
structures of the roots
root cap
region of cell division
region of elongation
region of maturation
28
composed of a thimble-shaped mass of parenchyma cells covering the tip of each root
root cap
29
protects delicate tissues behind from damage as the young root tip pushes through soil particles
root cap
30
they are plastids containing starch grains
amyloplast
31
they act as gravity sensors
amyloplast
32
secretes slimes/mucilage - lubricates the passage of roots to the soil
dictiosomes
33
composed of apical meristem in the center of the root tip, they produce the root cap
region of cell division
34
subdivisions of Apical meristems
protoderm -> epidermis
ground meristem -> cortex
procambium -> primary xylem/phloem
35
merges with the apical meristem
region of cell elongation
36
tiny vacuoles merge and grow until one or two large vacuoles, occupying up to 90% or more of the volume of each cell, have been formed
region of cell elongation
37
aka region of differentation or root hair zone
region of maturation
38
cells mature or differentiate to form root hairs and cortex
region of maturation
39
tubular extensions of specialized epidermal cells that absorbs water and minerals and adheres tightly to the soil particles for anchorage
root hairs
40
parenchyma cells resting between the epidermis and the inner tissues that acts as the food storage
cortex
41
single-layered cylinder of compactly arranged cells whose primary walls are impregnated by suberin that if found on the cortex of the root
endodermis
42
suberin band which prevents water from passing through the permeable cell walls
casparian strips
43
forces all water and dissolved substances entering and leaving the central core of tissues to pass through the plasma membrane...
casparian strips
44
endodermal cells that may remain thin-walled and retain their casparian strips for a while before eventually suberized
passage cells
45
a collective core of tissues that lies inside the endodermis which may conduct water or food in solution
vascular cylinder
46
region where the lateral roots arise in which their cells continue to divide even after maturation
pericycle
47
specialized roots
```
prop
haustoria
buttress
aerial roots
epiphytes
contractile
pneumatophore
sucker
```
48
set of aerial prop roots. adventitious roots that arise near the base of the stem and provide additional support
prop
49
supports plants in shallow, wet soil
buttress
50
roots climbing plants. may be photosynthetic
aerial roots
51
breathing roots produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats
pneumatophore
52
facilities gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots
pneumatophore
53
long, hanging aerial roots that eventually reach the ground and anchor the plant to soil
epiphytes
54
parasitic plants whose roots penerates the host-plant tissues
haustoria
55
adjust the depth of bulb and comes in the soils
contractile
56
aboveground stems that develop from adventitious buds on the roots
suckers
57
transports water and nutrients from the soil. holds the oterh plant parts. they also produce new living cells
stems
58
external structures of the stem
```
terminal bud
axillary bud
node
internode
lenticel
```
59
grows stems that bear leaves and flowers located at the tip of the stem
terminal bud
60
protects dormant terminal buds
bud scales
61
left after bud scales fall off
bud scars
62
also known as lateral buds
axillary bud
63
grow stems that bear leaves and flowers found in the axils. develop above the leaf scars
axillary bud
64
shows where the leaf was attached to the stem
leaf scars
65
area of the stem where the leaves are attached
node
66
area on the stem between two succesive nodes
internode
67
site of loosely arranged cells that allows gas exchange
lenticels
68
internal structures of stems
```
internode
cortex
vascular bundle
stele
vascular cambium
cork cambium
```
69
outer covering that provides protection by producing Cuticle
epidermis
70
a fatty substance that reduces water loss
cuticle
71
thick cylinder that makes up the plant's ground tissue system which functions as storage, support, and photosynthesis
cortex
72
vascular cells aranged in circular pattern
vascular bundles
73
central cylinder of the stem
stele
74
transport sugars from the leaves to the roots
phloem
75
transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves
xylem
76
functioning xylem
sapwood
77
non-functioning xylem
heartwood
78
provides structural support
heartwood
79
ground tissue composed of large, thin-walled parenchyma cells that function primarily for storage
pith
80
area of parenchyma between the vascular bundles
pith rays
81
cells divide to produce daughter cells in two directions
vascular cambium
82
continuous cylinder of dividing cells that makes up the periderm
cork cambium
83
are dead at maturity and have heavily suberized, or waterproof, walls
cork cells
84
stores water and food (starch granules)
cork parenchyma
85
specialized stems
```
corm
bulb
rhizome
tuber
stolon/runner
```
86
a short, thickened underground stem specialized for food storage and production
corm
87
storage organ for a comm is a thickened underground stem covered by papery scales
corm
88
horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of reproduction
rhizome
89
the thickened end of a rhizome that is fleshy and enlarged for food storage
tuber
90
a rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves
bulb
91
an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes.
stolon/runner
92
it's functions are indentity and produces food
leaves
93
parts of leaves
lamina/blade
petiole
stipule
sessile
94
broad, flat portion of the leaf
lamina/blade
95
stalk that attached the leaf to the stem
petiole
96
leaf-like outgrowth at the base of the petiole
stipule
97
no petiole
sessile
98
types of leaves
simple
| compound
99
single blades
simple
100
two or more divided leaflets
compound
101
kinds of compound leaf
pinnately compound
| palmately compound
102
leaflets are borne on an axis that is continuation of the petiole
pinnately compound
103
leaflets arise from a common point at the end of the petiole
palmately compound
104
arrangement of leaves
alternate
opposite
whorled
105
one leaf at each node
alternate
106
two leaves grow at each other
opposite
107
three or more leaves grow at each node
whorled
108
two kinds of veination
parallel
| reticulated/ netted
109
primary veins run approximately parallel to one another along the leaf's long axis with smaller veins forming connections between the primary veins
parallel
110
smaller veins branch off the larger veins that resembles a net
reticulated/ netted
111
characteristics of eudicots
reticulated/netted
112
characteristics of monocots
parallel
113
major veins branch off along the entire length of midvein
pinnately netted
114
several major veins radiate from one point
palmately netted
115
leaves structures???
dermal tissue system
ground tissue system
vascular tissue system
116
catergories (?) of a ground tissue system
palisade mesophyll
| spongy mesophyll
117
forward the upper epidermis.
| columnar cells stacked closely together.
palisade mesophyll
118
mainsite of photosynthesis
palisade mesophyll
119
toward the lower epidermis
spongy mesophyll
120
cells are loosely and irregularly arranged. primary function is the diffusion of gas particularly carbon dioxide.
spongy mesophyll
121
located onthe upper side of the vein toward the upper epidermis
xylem
122
confined to the lower side of the vein toward the lower epidermis.
phloem
123
difference bertween eudicots and monocots
u can do it.
124
the normal falling off of leaves or other plant parts, such as fruits or flowers
abscission
125
the area where a leaf petiole detaches from the stem
abscission zone
126
specialized leaves
```
bract
bus scales
bulb
spine
tendril
```
127
a modified leaf associated with a flower or inflorescence but not a part of the flower itself
bract
128
a modified leaf that covers and protects winter buds
bud scales
129
a rounded, fleshy bud that consists of short stem with fleshy leaves
bulb
130
a modified leaf for protection
spine
131
a leaf or stem that is modified for holding on or attaching to objects
tendril
