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PBSCI- MODULE 1 > basic plant parts > Flashcards

basic plant parts Flashcards

1
Q

absorbs water and nutrients from the soil

A

roots

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2
Q

storage for food for plants

A

roots

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3
Q

absorb, storage, anchor and produce hormones

A

roots

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4
Q

elongation in response to stimuli

A

auxins

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5
Q

apical dominance

A

auxins

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6
Q

seed germination

A

gibberellins

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7
Q

stem elongation

A

gibberellins

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8
Q

cell division

A

cytokinin

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9
Q

ensure same growth rate for roots and shoots

A

cytokinin

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10
Q

growth of fruits and secondary growth

A

cytokinin

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11
Q

maturity and aging

A

ethylene

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12
Q

ripening of products

A

ethylene

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13
Q

inhibits cell division

A

Abscisic Acid

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14
Q

death of leaves

A

Abscisic Acid

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15
Q

clsosing of stomata

A

Abscisic Acid

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16
Q

plant hormones

A 
auxin
gibberellins
cytokinin
ethylene 
abscisic acid
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17
Q

types of root systems

A

taproot system

fibrous root system

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18
Q

root growth of Dicots and gymnosperms

A

taproot system

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19
Q

has a large main root

A

taproot system

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20
Q

penetrates deep into the soil

A

taproot system

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21
Q

primary root remains

A

taproot system

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22
Q

stores food and develops from a radicle

A

taproot system

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23
Q

root growths of monocots

A

fibrous root system

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24
Q

no large main root and does not penetrate deeply into the soil

A

fibrous root system

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25
Q

primary root does not remain and cannot store food

A

fibrous root system

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26
Q

it develops from the stem

A

fibrous root system

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27
Q

structures of the roots

A

root cap
region of cell division
region of elongation
region of maturation

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28
Q

composed of a thimble-shaped mass of parenchyma cells covering the tip of each root

A

root cap

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29
Q

protects delicate tissues behind from damage as the young root tip pushes through soil particles

A

root cap

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30
Q

they are plastids containing starch grains

A

amyloplast

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31
Q

they act as gravity sensors

A

amyloplast

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32
Q

secretes slimes/mucilage - lubricates the passage of roots to the soil

A

dictiosomes

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33
Q

composed of apical meristem in the center of the root tip, they produce the root cap

A

region of cell division

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34
Q

subdivisions of Apical meristems

A

protoderm -> epidermis
ground meristem -> cortex
procambium -> primary xylem/phloem

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35
Q

merges with the apical meristem

A

region of cell elongation

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36
Q

tiny vacuoles merge and grow until one or two large vacuoles, occupying up to 90% or more of the volume of each cell, have been formed

A

region of cell elongation

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37
Q

aka region of differentation or root hair zone

A

region of maturation

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38
Q

cells mature or differentiate to form root hairs and cortex

A

region of maturation

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39
Q

tubular extensions of specialized epidermal cells that absorbs water and minerals and adheres tightly to the soil particles for anchorage

A

root hairs

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40
Q

parenchyma cells resting between the epidermis and the inner tissues that acts as the food storage

A

cortex

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41
Q

single-layered cylinder of compactly arranged cells whose primary walls are impregnated by suberin that if found on the cortex of the root

A

endodermis

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42
Q

suberin band which prevents water from passing through the permeable cell walls

A

casparian strips

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43
Q

forces all water and dissolved substances entering and leaving the central core of tissues to pass through the plasma membrane…

A

casparian strips

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44
Q

endodermal cells that may remain thin-walled and retain their casparian strips for a while before eventually suberized

A

passage cells

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45
Q

a collective core of tissues that lies inside the endodermis which may conduct water or food in solution

A

vascular cylinder

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46
Q

region where the lateral roots arise in which their cells continue to divide even after maturation

A

pericycle

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47
Q

specialized roots

A 
prop
haustoria 
buttress
aerial roots 
epiphytes 
contractile 
pneumatophore 
sucker
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48
Q

set of aerial prop roots. adventitious roots that arise near the base of the stem and provide additional support

A

prop

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49
Q

supports plants in shallow, wet soil

A

buttress

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50
Q

roots climbing plants. may be photosynthetic

A

aerial roots

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51
Q

breathing roots produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats

A

pneumatophore

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52
Q

facilities gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots

A

pneumatophore

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53
Q

long, hanging aerial roots that eventually reach the ground and anchor the plant to soil

A

epiphytes

54
Q

parasitic plants whose roots penerates the host-plant tissues

A

haustoria

55
Q

adjust the depth of bulb and comes in the soils

A

contractile

56
Q

aboveground stems that develop from adventitious buds on the roots

A

suckers

57
Q

transports water and nutrients from the soil. holds the oterh plant parts. they also produce new living cells

A

stems

58
Q

external structures of the stem

A 
terminal bud 
axillary bud
node 
internode
lenticel
59
Q

grows stems that bear leaves and flowers located at the tip of the stem

A

terminal bud

60
Q

protects dormant terminal buds

A

bud scales

61
Q

left after bud scales fall off

A

bud scars

62
Q

also known as lateral buds

A

axillary bud

63
Q

grow stems that bear leaves and flowers found in the axils. develop above the leaf scars

A

axillary bud

64
Q

shows where the leaf was attached to the stem

A

leaf scars

65
Q

area of the stem where the leaves are attached

A

node

66
Q

area on the stem between two succesive nodes

A

internode

67
Q

site of loosely arranged cells that allows gas exchange

A

lenticels

68
Q

internal structures of stems

A 
internode
cortex
vascular bundle 
stele 
vascular cambium 
cork cambium
69
Q

outer covering that provides protection by producing Cuticle

A

epidermis

70
Q

a fatty substance that reduces water loss

A

cuticle

71
Q

thick cylinder that makes up the plant’s ground tissue system which functions as storage, support, and photosynthesis

A

cortex

72
Q

vascular cells aranged in circular pattern

A

vascular bundles

73
Q

central cylinder of the stem

A

stele

74
Q

transport sugars from the leaves to the roots

A

phloem

75
Q

transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

A

xylem

76
Q

functioning xylem

A

sapwood

77
Q

non-functioning xylem

A

heartwood

78
Q

provides structural support

A

heartwood

79
Q

ground tissue composed of large, thin-walled parenchyma cells that function primarily for storage

A

pith

80
Q

area of parenchyma between the vascular bundles

A

pith rays

81
Q

cells divide to produce daughter cells in two directions

A

vascular cambium

82
Q

continuous cylinder of dividing cells that makes up the periderm

A

cork cambium

83
Q

are dead at maturity and have heavily suberized, or waterproof, walls

A

cork cells

84
Q

stores water and food (starch granules)

A

cork parenchyma

85
Q

specialized stems

A 
corm
bulb
rhizome 
tuber
stolon/runner
86
Q

a short, thickened underground stem specialized for food storage and production

A

corm

87
Q

storage organ for a comm is a thickened underground stem covered by papery scales

A

corm

88
Q

horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of reproduction

A

rhizome

89
Q

the thickened end of a rhizome that is fleshy and enlarged for food storage

A

tuber

90
Q

a rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves

A

bulb

91
Q

an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes.

A

stolon/runner

92
Q

it’s functions are indentity and produces food

A

leaves

93
Q

parts of leaves

A

lamina/blade
petiole
stipule
sessile

94
Q

broad, flat portion of the leaf

A

lamina/blade

95
Q

stalk that attached the leaf to the stem

A

petiole

96
Q

leaf-like outgrowth at the base of the petiole

A

stipule

97
Q

no petiole

A

sessile

98
Q

types of leaves

A

simple

compound

99
Q

single blades

A

simple

100
Q

two or more divided leaflets

A

compound

101
Q

kinds of compound leaf

A

pinnately compound

palmately compound

102
Q

leaflets are borne on an axis that is continuation of the petiole

A

pinnately compound

103
Q

leaflets arise from a common point at the end of the petiole

A

palmately compound

104
Q

arrangement of leaves

A

alternate
opposite
whorled

105
Q

one leaf at each node

A

alternate

106
Q

two leaves grow at each other

A

opposite

107
Q

three or more leaves grow at each node

A

whorled

108
Q

two kinds of veination

A

parallel

reticulated/ netted

109
Q

primary veins run approximately parallel to one another along the leaf’s long axis with smaller veins forming connections between the primary veins

A

parallel

110
Q

smaller veins branch off the larger veins that resembles a net

A

reticulated/ netted

111
Q

characteristics of eudicots

A

reticulated/netted

112
Q

characteristics of monocots

A

parallel

113
Q

major veins branch off along the entire length of midvein

A

pinnately netted

114
Q

several major veins radiate from one point

A

palmately netted

115
Q

leaves structures???

A

dermal tissue system
ground tissue system
vascular tissue system

116
Q

catergories (?) of a ground tissue system

A

palisade mesophyll

spongy mesophyll

117
Q

forward the upper epidermis.

columnar cells stacked closely together.

A

palisade mesophyll

118
Q

mainsite of photosynthesis

A

palisade mesophyll

119
Q

toward the lower epidermis

A

spongy mesophyll

120
Q

cells are loosely and irregularly arranged. primary function is the diffusion of gas particularly carbon dioxide.

A

spongy mesophyll

121
Q

located onthe upper side of the vein toward the upper epidermis

A

xylem

122
Q

confined to the lower side of the vein toward the lower epidermis.

A

phloem

123
Q

difference bertween eudicots and monocots

A

u can do it.

124
Q

the normal falling off of leaves or other plant parts, such as fruits or flowers

A

abscission

125
Q

the area where a leaf petiole detaches from the stem

A

abscission zone

126
Q

specialized leaves

A 
bract 
bus scales
bulb 
spine 
tendril
127
Q

a modified leaf associated with a flower or inflorescence but not a part of the flower itself

A

bract

128
Q

a modified leaf that covers and protects winter buds

A

bud scales

129
Q

a rounded, fleshy bud that consists of short stem with fleshy leaves

A

bulb

130
Q

a modified leaf for protection

A

spine

131
Q

a leaf or stem that is modified for holding on or attaching to objects

A

tendril

PBSCI- MODULE 1 (5 decks)

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