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Morphilogy Of Flowering Plants > Flowers > Flashcards

Flowers Flashcards

1
Q

A flower is a , where in( change )
Internodes do ,, apex
Apex produces

A

Modified shoot where in shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem
Not elongate laterally and axis gets condensed
Different kinds of floral appendages laterally at successive nodes instead of flowers

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2
Q

Shoot tip transforms into flower
Pedicel
Thalamus , what +nt ( types)

A

It is always solitary
Flower has a short or long stalk
Upper part of pedicel is swollen , floral leaves
Sepal , petal , stamen , carpel

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3
Q

Whorls types

A

Whorl of sepal = calyx
Whorl of petals = corolla
Whorl of stamens = androecium
Whorl of carpel = gynoecium

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4
Q

Accessory whorl/ =
Essential whorl / =

A

Accessory whorl = calyx, corolla
Reproductive organs/ whorls =Androecium, gynoecium

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5
Q

Complete/ =
Incomplete =
Unisexual flower type

A

Bisexual / perfect =All four floral whorls are present
Unisexual / incomplete / imperfect = Any floural whorl absent
Stamenate flower = male
Pistelate flower = female

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6
Q

Trimerous eg
Tetramerous
Pentamerous

A

When accessory floral appendages are in multiple of 3,4,5
Monocots =3
Brassicaceae mustard = 4
Pentamerous = 5

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7
Q

Actinomorphic /
Eg
Asymmetrical /

A

Radial / regular =flower can be divided into two equal radial halves by any vertical plane or radial plane passing through centre
Mustard , datura , chilli
Irregular eg canna

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8
Q

Zygomorphic /
Eg
Posterior part
Anterior part

A

Bilateral = flower can be divided into two equal ( similar ) halves only by 1 particular vertical plane passing
Gulmohar pee kar Kaise bin baja raha he
Eg Gulmohar , pea , cassia,bean
Part of flower which lies near to mother axis
Part of flower which is away from mother axis

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9
Q

Types of flower basis
Hypogynous
Ovary

A

On position of calyx , corolla,androecium in respect of ovary on thalamus
Gynoecium occupies highest position while others ( petals,sepals,stamen) are situated below ovary
Ovary will be superior
Eg mustard , China rose, brinjal , mango

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10
Q

Perigynous
Thalamus grows,structure
Other parts
Ovary lies, conditions

A

Thalamus grows upwards and form cup shaped structures
On margin or rim of thalamus floral part are attached
Lies basal part or in centre , half inferior
Eg rose ,plum , peach

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11
Q

Epigynous
Other parts
Ovary
Eg

A

Margin of thalamus grow further upward enclosing ovary completely and getting fused with it
Other parts ( sepal,petal,stamen) are situated above the ovary
Ovary is inferior
Eg guava , apple,cucumber,rayflorets and disc florets of sunflower

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12
Q

Bract
Types
Spathe
Eg

A

Is a reduced leaf which may be present at base of pedicel of flower
Bracteate,Ebracteate
Large bract which completely encloses whole inflorescence
Eg banana , maize

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13
Q

First outermost whorl,Unit
Polysepalous
Gamosepalous
Colour,fn
Persistent sepals

A

Calyx, unit = sepal
All sepals are free from each other
When sepals are fused / united with each other
Sepals are green leaf like and protect flower in bud stage
If sepals do not fall and remain attached to fruit
Eg tomato , chilli,brinjal ( solanaceae family)

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14
Q

Second whorl , each member
Conditions
Colour
Forms

A

Corolla,petals
Petals are free = polypetalous
Petals are fused = gamopetalous
Petals are usually brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination
Tubular , bell shaped , funnel shaped , wheel shaped ( rotate )
Cruciform eg radish , mustard ( cruciferae family)

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15
Q

Aestivation
Types

A

The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to other members of same whorl
Valvate
Twisted
Imbricate
Vexillary

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16
Q

Valvate
Eg
Twisted
Eg

A

Petal adjacent , just touch one another at margin without overlapping
Calotropis , cruciferae,solanaceae , liliaceaea
1 margin of petal overlaps that of next one the other margin is overlapped by another 1
Cotton ladyfinger, china rose ( Malvaceae )

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17
Q

Imbricate
Eg
Vexillary /
Posterior
↑overlaps
Which overlaps ( anterior)
Eg

A

Petals overlap one another but not in any particular manner
Eg cassia , Gulmohar
Papillionaceous
Lies near the mother axis , largest , standard or vexillum
Two lateral petals wings or alae
Two smallest anterior petals I.e keel or carina (away)
Pea,bean, Fabaceae
1+2+(2)

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18
Q

Androecium composed of, free
Cohesion
Type
Single bundle of, Eg
Two bundle
More than 1

A

Stamens , polyandrous
When floral parts of similar whorl are fused
Adelphy = when stamens are united by their filaments only
Filaments but anther is free =monoadelphous eg china rose
Of filaments -x— -= diadelphous eg pea
Polyadelphous eg citrus

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19
Q

Staminal tube
Diadelphous symbol
Perienth

A

In monoadelphous a tube is formed around gynoecium eg china rose( Malvaceae)
(9)+1
Calyx ( sepals ) + corolla (petal )= tepal
Eg lily

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20
Q

Adension
Epipetalous eg

Epiphyllous /. Eg

A

When stamens are attached to member of other floral whorl of flower
Stamens are attached to petals eg brinjal ( solanaceae)
Androecium + corolla = epipetalous CUA
Epitepalous = stamens are attached to tepals eg lily ( lilaceae)
Perienth + androecium = epitepalous

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21
Q

Length of stamens =
Didynamous eg
Tetradynamous

A

Variation in length of filaments
4 stamen 2 short,2 long eg Salvia
6 stamens arranged in 2. Whorls
Outer = 2 short stamens
Inner = 4 long eg mustard ( cruciferae)

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22
Q

Gynoecium , made up of
1 carpel
More than 1 carpel
Carpel consist of
Stigma is ( surface)

A

Female reproductive organ , one or more than 1 carpels
Monocarpellary
Multicarpellary
Of stigma , style , ovary
Receptive surface for pollen grains

23
Q

Multicarpellary
Apocarpus
Syncarpous
Ovary is , style
Style connects

A

Carpels are free eg lotus, rose , Michella
Carpels are fused eg papaver, hibiscus , mustard , tomato
Enlarged basal part on which lies the elongated tube
Ovary to stigama ( at tip of style )

24
Q

Placentation
Types

A

The arrangement of ovules within ovary
Marginal eg pea
Axile eg china rose,lemon,tomato
Parietal eg. mustard and argemone
Free central eg primrose, dianthus
Basal eg marigold , sunflower

25
Q

Marginal placenta forms
Ovules born on,are eg
Axile ovary is
Ovules born on

A

A ridge along the ventral suture of ovary
On this ridge are forming two rows eg pea
Is multilocular
On central axis eg china rose , tomato , lemon

26
Q

Parietal ovules develop on
Ovary is , but ( reason )
Eg
Free central / , ovary is (why )
Ovules born

A

On inner wall of ovary or on peripheral part
Is one chambered , becomes 2 chambered due to formation of false septum / replum
Eg masturd , argemone
Central , unilocular ( septum absent )
On central axis eg primrose,dianthus

27
Q

Basal a _______ ovule is
Eg
Bulbil , eg
Pistillode

A

Attached at base of ovary
Eg biscuit marigold , sun feast (Marigold,sunflower )
Modified vegetative bud with stored food meant for vegetative reproduction eg Agave ,oxalis
Sterile stamen

28
Q

Staminode
Staminate
Clove
Saffron
Versatile stamen eg

A

Sterile stamen eg Salvia
Male flower , Unisexual , carpel absent
Unopened floral bud
Stigmas + styles
Wheat,grass,maize ( poaceae )
Filament attached to back of anther at a point only anther can swing freely

29
Q

Fruit is
Parthenocarpic fruit /
Eg. Can be induced
Fruit wall / , is

A

The mature or ripened ovary developed after fertilisation
Seedless fruit , If fruit is formed without Fertilization
Grapes , banana , through the application of growth hormone
Pericarp may be thick and fleshy or
thick and hard or
Thin and soft

30
Q

Fleshy fruits pericarp made up of
Outer most layer may be
Rind
Middle layer is ,in
Coir

A

Three layer = epicarp, mesocarp , endocarp
Epicarp = may be thick or thin and hard or soft
Epicarp forms outermost layer of fruit
Mesocarp = is thick and fleshy
In mango , peach , date , plum
In coconut this layer is made up of fibres

31
Q

Endo carp
True fruit eg
False fruit ( edible part
Eg
Drupe fruits
Endocarp

A

Innermost layer may be thin membranous eg orange , date palm or thick and hard eg mango , coconut
Fruit is developed only from the ovary eg mango , coconut
Along with ovary some other part like thalamus , inflorescence ets developed into fruit
Eg apple strawberry 🍓 pear, mulberry, fig,cashew nut ( thalamus
In mango and coconut develop from monocarpellary gynoecium and superior ovary and are one seeded
Is hard and stony so these fruits are also called stony fruits eg mango,coconut,almond,walnuts

32
Q

In mango
In coconut
Sweet water and edible part

A

Outermost cover or thin rind is epicarp , middle edible fleshy part is mesocarp , inner stony hard endocarp
Epicarp is hard and thin while mesocarp is thick and fibrous , endo carp is hard and seed is protected in it
Are liquid and solid endosperm respectively

33
Q

Berry
Pome
Balausta ( edible
Simple dry fruit type

A

Develop from superior or inferior ovary eg tomato , brinjal
Develop from inferior ovary and having enlarged thalamus eg apple , pear ( false fruit )
Developed from inferior ovary , testa eg pomegranate
Not differentiated into epicarp ,mesocarp, endocarp
Indehiscent , dehiscent , schizocarpic

34
Q

Aggregate fruits develop from
Etaerio eg
In strawberry
Composite fruit

A

Develop from Multicarpellary, apocarpus gynoceium
Are made up of a bunch of fruitlet eg strawberry , lotus , rose
Thalamus is fleshy and small achenes are found on its surface
False fruits , whole inflorescences is modify into fruit
Sorosis eg pineapple ,jack fruit, mulberry
Syconus eg fig , peepal

35
Q

Seed is
Made up of
Embryo made up of
Endosperm formed after

A

The ovules after fertilisation develop into
Of seed coat and an embryo
Of an embryonal axis with a radicle and a plumule and one cotyledon or two cotyledon
Double fertilisation

36
Q

Structure of dicot seed
Seed coat
Layers
Hilum
Micropyle
Cotyledon in,no,is

A

Outer most layering
Outer testa and inner tegmen
Is a scar on seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to fruit
Above the hilum is a pore
Embryo, 2 , are often fleshy and full of reserve food material

37
Q

Dicot endospermic seeds eg , is
Non endospermous eg
Monocot are generally , but

A

Castor , food storing tissue
Bean , gram , pea endosperm not present in mature seed
Endospermic , orchids ( dust seed ) are non endospermic

38
Q

Monocot Seed coat is , in
Endosperm
Aleurone layer
Embryo ( is , situated in)

A

Membranous and generally fused with fruit wall , seeds of cereals such as maize
Is bulky and stores food
The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by proteinous
Is small and situated in groove at one end of endosperm

39
Q

Monocot scutellum
Axis
Coleoptile
Coleorhiza

A

Embryo consists of 1 large and shield shaped cotyledons
Short axis with plumule and a radical
Plumule enclosed in sheaths
Radicle enclosed in sheaths

40
Q

Position of mother axis with respect to the flower represented by
Floral formula , diagram show
Floral diagram does not provide information
Floral formula does not provide information

A

By a dot on top of floral diagram
Cohesion and adhesion within parts of whorls and b/w whorls
Regarding position of ovary
Regarding aestivation and placentation

41
Q

Cruciferae /, inflorescence
Flower br/ebr,no condition, symmetry,
Calyx no , condition , unit arranged , aestivation
Corolla ——————

A

Brassicaceae, typical raceme
Ebr, bisexual , Tetramerous,actinomorphic , zygomorphic
Sepal 4 , polyseplous , sepals are arranged in 2 whorls 2outer 2 inner , Imbricate
Petals 4 , polypetalous , valvat asestivation and cruciform / cross form

42
Q

Cruciferae Androecium no.condition
Gynoecium Becomes bilocular due
Placentation,seeds
Eg food
Ornamental

A

Stamen 6,tetradynamous
Bicarpelly , syncarpous. Formation of false septum (replum developed from thalamus )
Parietal non endospermic
Radish , turnip,cauliflower , cabbage , mustard
Chandani

43
Q

Fabaceae earlier was , subfamily of , distributed , found
Roots
Stem
Leaf ( stimules , type , leaf base , venation , phyllotaxy )
Inflorescence

A

Papilionoideae a subfamily of family leguminousase , all over the world , trees shrubs herbs
Branches , tap root system , root nodules nitrogen fixing bacteria
Erect or climber
Stipulate , simple or compound , leaf base pulvinate , reticulate , alternate
Racemose typical

44
Q

Fabaceae flower ( bract , sexuality, condition, symmetry
Calyx no , condition, aestivation
Corolla no , shape , condition ,aestivation
Androecium ,no , adelphy

A

Bracteate , bisexual , hypogynous , Pentamerous , zygomorphic
Sepal 5 ,gamosepalous , aestivation Imbricate or valvate ( mainly
Petals 5 ,papillanaceous butterfly , polypetalous ,Vexillary
Stamens 10,diadelphous (9)+1,anther dithecous

45
Q

Fabaceae gynoecium , no,lobular with , ovary, style no,Placentation
Fruit. Lometum found in
Seed

A

Monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules , superior ovary , Single , marginal
Legume or pod , eg Arachis ( ground nut )
Non endospermic , one to many

46
Q

Fabaceae eg as food
Fodder
Fibres
Dyes
Medical plants
Ornamental plants

A

Arhar, chana, pea,mung,soyabean,mungphali,sem
Trifolium , sesbania
Sunnhemp
Neel ( blue dye ) = indigofera tinctoria ( dye from leaves)
Mulaithi ( roots used in cough & cold
Sweet pea , Lupin

47
Q

Solanaceae/ , disturbed
Root
Stem
Leaf type , stipules , aestivation, venation
Inflorescence

A

Potato family , in tropics subtropics even temperate zones
Tap root system
Herbaceous rarely woody,aerial , erect ,cylindrical,branched , solid or hollow , hairy or glabrous
Simple rarely pinnately compound, exstipulate , alternate , reticulate
Solitary Axillary , or cymose as in solanum

48
Q

Solanaceae Flower bract , sexuality, com/incom , ovary condition, no , symmetry
Calyx no,condition,aestivation,special
Corolla - - -
Androecium no , condition, adhesion

A

Bracteate or ebracteate , bisexual , complete, Hypogynous,Pentamerous, actinomorphic
Sepals 5 , gamosepalous , valvate , persistent
Petals 5 , gamopetalous , valvate
Stamen 5 , polyandrous , epipetalous stamens

49
Q

Solanaceae Gynoecium carpellary , carpous , ovary , locular , Placentation
Special feature
Fruit
Seeds

A

Bicarpellary, syncarpous , ovary superior , Axile
Swollen placenta with many ovules and oblique septa , ovaries arranged obliquely on thalamus
Fleshy fruit , berry ( tomato , brinjal ) , capsule (datura )
Many and endospermic

50
Q

Solanaceae eg
Food
Medicinal plant
Ornamental plants
Fumigatory

A

Bella ashav pe Sanji tambacco lene challi
Potato , tomato, brinjal , makoi,chilli
Belladonna , tobacco ashwagandha
Petunia
Tobacco

51
Q

Liliaceae distributed ( mono / dicot ),___ herbs with
Stem
Root
Leaves mostly ____ , Phyllotaxy , venation ( except
Inflorescence

A

World wide mono, underground bulbs / corms / rhizomes
Majority have underground bulbs ( onions, garlic) , corm ( colchicum) , rhizome ( aloe )
Adventitious/ fibrous fasiculated in asparagus
Basal , linear , alternate, exstipulate , parallel ( smilax = reticulate )
Solitary / cymose , often umbellate clusters

52
Q

Lily flower bract , sexuality,com/ incom,symmetry,ovary , no
Perienth no , arranged,united , aestivation
Androecium no , adhension , arranged in , condition
Gynoecium carpellary carpous , ovary , loculor with , Placentation

A

Bracteate,bisexual,complete m actinomorphic,Hypogynous,trimerous
Tepals 6 , in two whorls (3+3) into tube , valvate
6 stamens , epipetalous, in two whorls , polyandrous
Tri , syncarpous , superior, triloculaor with many ovules , Axile

53
Q

Fruits lily
Seeds
Example
Food
Ornamental
Medicinal
Mitotic poison

A

Capsule ( onion ) , rarely berry ( lily)
Endospermic
Aas pas aakela coach glorious and talented
Onion ( allium cepa ) ,garlic , asparagus
Lily , tulip , gloriosa
Aloe Vera ,
Colchicum = chemical colchicine used in polyploidy in plants

Morphilogy Of Flowering Plants (2 decks)

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