Flowering reproductive strategies

Question 1

Types of reproduction

Answer 1

Asexual
sexual

Question 2

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

reproduction only one parent is involved in and all offspring and genetic composition as the parent

Question 3

Name the advantages in asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Low energy expenditure
offspring will easily adapt in evironmental conditions as the genetic comp is identical

Question 4

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

no genetic variation = adaptation to change in changing enviro is low
All offspring share the same weak characteristics
some methods of the reproduction can cause overpopulation

Question 5

Describe sexual reproduction ?

Answer 5

two parents are involved and genetic material combines
has gametes - sperm and ova produced through meiosis
Fertilization takes place aswell

Question 6

What are some advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 6

show greater genetic variation = more adaptable + greater chance of surviving
basis of evolution = form new species
genetic material of parents reshuffled = chances inheriting disease is low

Question 7

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

High energy expenditure
fewer offspring produced = low chances of survival
longer process than that of asexual reproduction

Question 8

How is the perianth differentiated into parts?

Answer 8

2 parts
calyx
corolla

Question 9

The petunia flower consists of 4 whorls, what do those consist of?

Answer 9

calyx
corolla
androcium
gynoecium

Question 10

What is the function of calyx

Answer 10

Outermost whorl = 5 small sepals (green)
sepals surround other whorls + protect flower in the bud

Question 11

function of corolla

Answer 11

whorl consists of 5 bright striking petals + fuse together form trumpet shaped corolla
petals attract insects + birds = pollination

Question 12

Androcium ( stamens) fucntion

Answer 12

male parts of flower
petunia consists of 5 stamens attached inside of petal
each stamen consists long filament ending in lobed anther
anther contains pollen sacs which pollen is formed

Question 13

Gynocium ( pistil) function ?

Answer 13

outermost whorl = female parts
consist : single stigma , thin style , ovary
surface of stigma sticky = pollen grains stick to it
ovary = 2 locules conatins large number OVA
ovules attached seperating wall between two lobes
ovary above place of attachment of sepals petals and at the base o the flower + known superior ovary

Question 14

two types of pollination

Answer 14

self pollination
cross pollination

Question 15

describe both pollination types

Answer 15

self = transfer ripe pollen from an anther to a receptive stigma of the same flower or other flower of the same species
cross = transfer of ripe pollen from the anther of one flower to the receptive sigma of a flower from another plant

Question 16

Name type of adaptations of flowers for pollination

Answer 16

wind
insects
birds
water

Question 17

What is fertilization

Answer 17

the fusion of male and female gametes in the ovule of the ovary to form a zygote

Question 18

what happens during fertilization?

Question 19

Seed stored in seed banks can be used to:

Answer 19

re-establish endagered
/ extinct plants
cultivate plants that are over exploited
rehabilitate damaged or destroyed habitats

Question 19

how does asexual reproduction/genetic engineering techniques are of
benefit to food production and solving current food crises?

Answer 19

seedbank

large number plants endangered = climate change
storing seeds avoid extinction and save plants
150 plant crops = staple food for consumption
plants have variations = freeze / drought resistance etc…
crops cultivated emphasize desirable qualities cost of variation
seeds in seed bank stored variety wont die out
seeds stored in cold dry conditions

Question 20

how asexualreproduction has historically led to improved
food crops.

Answer 20

improve crops for farms desireable characteristics for cultivation
ideal for mass production = product always predictable and same qualities as parents
plants can be genetically engineered to develop into the same desired food product = many plants cultivated + grown from one parent plant

Question 21

how sexual reproduction has historically led to improved
food crops.

Answer 21

improve crops by farmers deliberatley for centuries crossing plants with desired plants to breed a unique combination of characteristics
opportunity bread out weak or volatile characteristics = higher quality crops

Question 22

explain polyploidy witin sexual reproduction

Answer 22

abnormal cell division in chromosomes = multiple sets
instead of 2 theres are 3/4 sets
extra set = larger fruit, more ears of corn etc
advantage larger quantity of food in shorter period of time